Recent Advances on the Development of Chemosensors for the Detection of Mercury Toxicity: A Review

Kollur, Shiva Prasad; Shivamallu, Chandan; Prasad, Shashanka K.; Veerapur, Ravindra; Patil, Sharanagouda S.; Cull, Charley A.; Coetzee, Johann F.; Amachawadi, Raghavendra G.

doi:10.3390/separations8100192

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Recent Advances on the Development of Chemosensors for the Detection of Mercury Toxicity: A Review

³,

Sharanagouda S. Patil

⁴

Charley A. Cull

⁵,

Johann F. Coetzee

⁶

and

Raghavendra G. Amachawadi

^7,*

Department of Sciences, Amrita School Arts and Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Mysuru Campus, Mysuru 570 026, India

Division of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, Department of Water and Health, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru 570 015, India

Department of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Malawi Institute of Technology, Malawi University of Science and Technology, Limbe P.O. Box 5916, Malawi

⁴

Pathoepidemiology Laboratory, ICAR—National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI), Post Box No.6450, Ramagondanahalli, Yelahanka, Bengaluru 560064, India

⁵

Midwest Veterinary Services, Inc., Oakland, NE 68045, USA

⁶

Department of Anatomy & Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

⁷

Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Academic Editor: Pilar Campíns-Falcó

Separations 2021, 8(10), 192; https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100192

Received: 15 August 2021 / Revised: 8 October 2021 / Accepted: 9 October 2021 / Published: 18 October 2021

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensor and Biosensor Response and Isolation of Analyte(s): Achievements and Challenges)

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Abstract

The harmful impact of mercury on biological systems is of great concern. Regardless of the efforts made by the regulating agencies, a decrease in Hg²⁺ concentration has not been realized, and hence mercury accumulation in the environment remains of utmost concern. Designing novel and efficient probes for recognition and detection of toxic metals in environmental samples has been of primary importance. Among the available techniques, probe designs involving the study of spectral properties has been preferred because of its obvious ease of instrumentation. Furthermore, occurrence of significant changes in the visible portion of electronic spectra enables detection by the naked eye, thereby endorsing the preference for development of probes with off-on binary responses to aid in the in-field sample analysis. The prominence is further streamlined to the use of fluorescence to help characterize on-response the cellular detection of Hg²⁺ with ease. In order to overcome the problem of developing efficient probes or sensors bearing fluorescence on-response mechanism that can work effectively in physiological conditions, various methodologies, such as chemo-dosimetric reaction mechanisms for the designing of new luminescent ligands, are being adopted. Additionally, modified charge transfer processes are also being considered for optical detection of the mercury (II) ion. In this review, all such possible techniques have been discussed in detail. View Full-Text

Keywords: mercury toxicity; chemosensors; fluorescence; colorimetric sensors

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Kollur, S.P.; Shivamallu, C.; Prasad, S.K.; Veerapur, R.; Patil, S.S.; Cull, C.A.; Coetzee, J.F.; Amachawadi, R.G. Recent Advances on the Development of Chemosensors for the Detection of Mercury Toxicity: A Review. Separations 2021, 8, 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100192

AMA Style

Kollur SP, Shivamallu C, Prasad SK, Veerapur R, Patil SS, Cull CA, Coetzee JF, Amachawadi RG. Recent Advances on the Development of Chemosensors for the Detection of Mercury Toxicity: A Review. Separations. 2021; 8(10):192. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100192

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kollur, Shiva P., Chandan Shivamallu, Shashanka K. Prasad, Ravindra Veerapur, Sharanagouda S. Patil, Charley A. Cull, Johann F. Coetzee, and Raghavendra G. Amachawadi. 2021. "Recent Advances on the Development of Chemosensors for the Detection of Mercury Toxicity: A Review" Separations 8, no. 10: 192. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations8100192

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