Swiss Archives of Neurology, Psychiatry and Psychotherapy

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163. Tagung der Schweizerischen Neurologischen Gesellschaft 163e Réunion de la Société Suisse de Neurologie zusammen mit dem Nationalen Referenzzentrum für Prionenerkrankungen

by EMH Swiss Medical Publishers Ltd.

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 110; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01091 - 16 Apr 1999

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6.–8. Mai 1999, Münsterlingen (Psychiatrische Klinik). 1. Hauptthema [...] Full article

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Elektroenzephalogramm bei epileptischen Dämmerzuständen

by K. Karbowski

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 101; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01086 - 1 Jan 1999

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Abstract

The diversity of EEG pattern of hours or days lasting epileptic twilight states is illustrated with parts of recording-pictures. They include: The “spike-wave variant” in children with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, the various recordings of fast, generalised spike-wave activity in discontinuous and continuous absence [...] Read more.

The diversity of EEG pattern of hours or days lasting epileptic twilight states is illustrated with parts of recording-pictures. They include: The “spike-wave variant” in children with Lennox- Gastaut syndrome, the various recordings of fast, generalised spike-wave activity in discontinuous and continuous absence states, the atypical seizure pattern in symptomatic twilight states in patients with a mute epilepsy history, the combined forms of generalised and focal epileptiform discharges, the temporal epileptiform activity in a psychomotor status and the diffuse slowing in postictal twilight states. Based on two cases it is shown that it could possibly take years or even decades until the epileptic origin of repetitive twilight states was discovered and a appropriate therapy installed. This part of making a diagnosis is one of the most important and most interesting domains of clinical electroencephalography. In the author’s opinion it is a professional blunder to refrain from recording an EEG “in flagranti” in patients with twilight states or repetitive intellectual disorders of uncertain origin. Full article

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Assessment of the benzodiazepine receptors with SPECT in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy

by Johannes P. Wielepp, F. Donati, B. Weder, G. Schroth, L. Mariani, J. Mathis, T. Vonesch, U. Noelpp and J. A. Kinser

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 97-100; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01085 - 1 Jan 1999

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Abstract

The goal of epilepsy surgery is to excise the epileptogenic focus or to interrupt propagation of epileptiform activity. The prerequisite for the neurosurgical procedure is the exact localization of the epileptogenic focus in order to avoid postoperative morbidity. PET studies with 11C-Flumazenil have [...] Read more.

The goal of epilepsy surgery is to excise the epileptogenic focus or to interrupt propagation of epileptiform activity. The prerequisite for the neurosurgical procedure is the exact localization of the epileptogenic focus in order to avoid postoperative morbidity. PET studies with 11C-Flumazenil have shown the involvement of the benzodiazepine receptors (BDR) in epilepsy. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical value of 123Iodine-Iomazenil (a derivate of Flumazenil) SPECT in relation to interictal rCBF SPECT, EEG and MRI findings in patients with therapyresistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy, candidates for epilepsy surgery. The results show that 123IIomazenil SPECT for the examination of the benzodiazepine receptors is a sensitive method for the preoperative localization of the epileptogenic focus: the results show a clearly higher sensitivity (89%, similar to ictal CBF SPECT) in comparison to the interictal CBF SPECT (25%). With a positive predictive value of 100%, 123IIomazenil SPECT allows a reliable localization of epileptogenic foci. Since an ictal CBF SPECT is rarely possible due to logistic reasons and due to high sensitivity of the 123I-Iomazenil SPECT, this method has become a routine examination during the intensive preoperative monitoring period. Full article

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PET studies of memory

by Katharina Henke, B. Weber, K. Schwedler, S. Kneifel, T. Berthold, H. G. Wieser and A. Buck

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 89-96; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01084 - 1 Jan 1999

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Abstract

The publication of two discoveries [1, 2] set the ground for theories, experiments and clinical practice during the past 40 years in the neuroscience of memory. Since then, we know that memory is not supported by the total action of the entire brain [...] Read more.

The publication of two discoveries [1, 2] set the ground for theories, experiments and clinical practice during the past 40 years in the neuroscience of memory. Since then, we know that memory is not supported by the total action of the entire brain but anatomically localizable like sensory and motor functions. It is the function of a neuronal network including both mediotemporal regions, particularly the hippocampal formations which were found to be indispensable for memory. Research with amnesic patients led to the next discovery that memory is not a unitary system but consists of at least five different subsystems which are subserved by different, though overlapping neuronal networks. In the following, the function of the “pioneer structure” hippocampus in the human was pinned down to episodic memory alone and became even further specified to learning/consolidation, novelty detection, deep processing, associative learning, and – not treated in this article – spatial learning.To further elucidate the function(s) of the hippocampal region in human memory we carried out two Positron Emission Tomography (PET) experiments testing the above hypotheses. The findings were straightforward: nothing challenged both hippocampal formations as much as establishing new semantic associations between previously unrelated words or pictures in memory. Full article

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Die Bedeutung der Amobarbital-induzierten EEG-Veränderungen bei den verschiedenen Formen des selektiven Temporallappen-Amobarbital-Testes

by S. G. Müller, A. Valavanis, A. Buck, Y. Yonekawa and H. G. Wieser

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 83-88; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01089 - 1 Jan 1999

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Abstract

The electroencephalographical changes observed in three different types of selective temporal lobe amobarbital tests were studied during 44 tests in 40 patients. A so-called balloon-occlusion test was performed 19 times, a selective catheterization of the anterior choroidal artery 20 times and a catheterization [...] Read more.

The electroencephalographical changes observed in three different types of selective temporal lobe amobarbital tests were studied during 44 tests in 40 patients. A so-called balloon-occlusion test was performed 19 times, a selective catheterization of the anterior choroidal artery 20 times and a catheterization of the peduncular segment of the posterior cerebral artery 5 times. The EEG changes were monitored with intracranial electrodes and scalp-electrodes whenever possible or, when not, with scalp-electrodes only. A delta increase ipsilateral to the side of the injection was observed in the majority of tests. An increase in epileptiform activity is the second frequent pattern. Seldom an ipsilateral reduction of epileptiform activity or no change at all were observed. A clear ipsilateral delta increase, an increase in epileptiform activity and a decrease of epileptiform activity in the intracranial recordings are signs that the target structures are inactivated. A slight delta increase or no change at all do not indicate an inactivation. Only the combined monitoring with intracranial and scalp-electrodes together allows for a correct interpretation of the EEG changes. Full article

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Epileptologisches Outcome der Zürcher Amygdala-Hippokampektomie-Serie

by M. Hajek, M. G. Yaşargil, Y. Yonekawa and H. G. Wieser

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 79-82; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01088 - 1 Jan 1999

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Abstract

We report the seizure outcome of patients who underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sAHE) performed in Zürich since 1975. Including so-called “lesional cases” the series consists of more than 400 patients. Sufficiently precise followup data were available for 353 patients. The mean follow-up of the [...] Read more.

We report the seizure outcome of patients who underwent selective amygdalohippocampectomy (sAHE) performed in Zürich since 1975. Including so-called “lesional cases” the series consists of more than 400 patients. Sufficiently precise followup data were available for 353 patients. The mean follow-up of the patients was 7.5 years (min/max = 1/20.5). The last available seizure outcome was classified according to Engel (1993): I, seizure free; II, rare seizures; III, worthwhile improvement; IV, no worthwhile improvement. Two hundred thirty-seven patients (67%) belonged to outcome category I; 35 patients (10%) belonged to the outcome category II; 56 patients (16%) to outcome category III; and 25 patients (7%) to the outcome category IV. Compared to the follow-up assessed in 1994 [9] (classified = 177; I: 105 [59%]; II: 13 [7%]; III: 20 [11%]; IV: 39 [22%]; non classified: 38 [18%]), the most recent long-term follow-up data are even more favourable. These favourable postoperative seizure outcome data of our patients, in particular the stable year-to-year group data for category I, document the validity of the sAHE procedure developed in Zürich for surgical treatment of drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Full article

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Nichtlineare EEG-Analysen

by Klaus Lehnertz, G. Widman, R. Andrzejak, J. Arnhold and C. E. Elger

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 72-78; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01090 - 1 Jan 1999

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The theory of nonlinear dynamics provides new concepts and powerful algorithms to analyze EEG time series. Due to its high versatility, nonlinear time series analysis currently is being successfully applied in a variety of disciplines including neurology and psychiatry. In epileptology, the extraction [...] Read more.

The theory of nonlinear dynamics provides new concepts and powerful algorithms to analyze EEG time series. Due to its high versatility, nonlinear time series analysis currently is being successfully applied in a variety of disciplines including neurology and psychiatry. In epileptology, the extraction of nonlinear measures from the intracranially recorded EEG promises to be important for clinical practice. Besides an immense reduction of the information content of long-lasting EEG recordings previous studies have shown that these measures allow (a) to localize focal areas in different cerebral regions even during the interictal state, (b) to investigate the influence of anticonvulsive drugs, (c) to analyze spatio-temporal interactions between focal and nonfocal brain areas and (d) to detect features predictive of imminent seizure activity. Nonlinear EEG analysis provides new and supplementary information upon the epileptogenic process and thus contributes to an improved presurgical evaluation. Full article

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Open AccessArticle

EEG, the language of the brain and its neurochemical souffleuse

by Heinz Gregor Wieser

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 62-71; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01083 - 1 Jan 1999

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Abstract

Neurochemical correlates of EEG activity are discussed concentrating on microdialysis findings and seizure prediction by calculating Lyapunov spectra and related measures of complexity in the EEG [...] Full article

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Epileptological investigations in living human brain slices: spontaneously occurring sharp field potentials

by E.-J. Speckmann, R. Köhling and H. Straub

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 54-61; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01087 - 1 Jan 1999

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Epilepsiechirurgie im Wandel der Geschichte

by Marketa Hajek

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 47-53; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01081 - 1 Jan 1999

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Einige Streiflichter in die Geschichte der Zürcher Epilep-siechirurgie

by Heinz Gregor Wieser

Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother. 1999, 150(2), 39-46; https://doi.org/10.4414/sanp.1999.01082 - 1 Jan 1999

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 32

Abstract

At occasion of the 50-year Jubilee “EEG in Switzerland” the role of clinical electrophysiology for the initiation and de-velopment of the Zurich epilepsy surgery program is reviewed [...] Full article

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Swiss Arch. Neurol. Psychiatry Psychother., Volume 150, Issue 2 (01 1999) – 11 articles , Pages 39-110

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