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Article

Modified Suzuki-Simulation Type Contractive Mapping in Non-Archimedean Quasi Modular Metric Spaces and Application to Graph Theory

Department of Mathematics, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Turkey
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Mathematics 2019, 7(9), 769; https://doi.org/10.3390/math7090769
Submission received: 15 July 2019 / Revised: 13 August 2019 / Accepted: 16 August 2019 / Published: 21 August 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances on Quasi-Metric Spaces)

Abstract

:
In this paper, we establish generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping and prove fixed point theorems on non-Archimedean quasi modular metric spaces. As an application, we acquire graphic-type results.

1. Introduction

In the sequel, the letter R + will denote the set of all nonnegative real numbers.
Let S be a nonempty set and V : S S be given mappings. A point 𝚥 S is said to be:
i.
a fixed point of V if and only if V 𝚥 = 𝚥 ;
ii.
a common fixed point of V and Z if and only if V 𝚥 = Z 𝚥 = 𝚥 .
Kosjasteh et al. [1] defined a new control function as follows.
Definition 1
([1]). Let ζ : 0 , 2 R be a mapping. The mapping ζ is named a simulation function satisfying the following conditions:
ζ1.
ζ 0 , 0 = 0 ,
ζ2.
ζ a , b < a b , for all a , b > 0 ,
ζ3.
if a k and b k are sequences in R + such that lim k a k = lim k b k = l , l R + . Thus,
lim sup ζ a k , b k k < 0 .
Argoubi et al. [2] modified the above and so introduced it as follows.
Definition 2
([2]). The mapping ζ is a simulation function providing the following:
i.
ζ a , b < a b , for all a , b > 0 ,
ii.
if a k and b k are sequences in R + such that lim k a k = lim k b k > 0 , and a k < b k , then lim sup ζ a k , b k k < 0 .
For examples and related results on simulation functions, one may refer to [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8].
Radenovic and Chandok generalized the simulation function combining the C-class function as follows.
Definition 3
([4]). A mapping G : 0 , 2 R is named a C-class function if it is continuous and satisfies the following conditions:
i.
G a , b a ,
ii.
G a , b = a implies that either a = 0 or b = 0 , for all a , b 0 , .
Definition 4
([4]). A C G -simulation function is a mapping ζ : 0 , 2 R satisfying the following conditions:
i.
ζ a , b < G a , b for all a , b > 0 , where G : 0 , 2 R is a C-class function,
ii.
if a k and b k are sequences in 0 , such that lim k b k = lim k a k > 0 , and b k < a k , then lim sup ζ a k , b k k < C G .
Definition 5
([4]). A mapping G : 0 , 2 R has the property C G , if there exists a C G 0 such that:
i.
G a , b > C G implies a > b ,
ii.
G a , a C G for all a 0 , .
Moreover, using C-class function many researchers investigated some new results combining other control functions in different spaces [9].
Suzuki [10] proved the following fixed point theorem using a new contraction, which is known as the Suzuki contraction in literature. Furthermore, many mathematicians generalized this contraction in other spaces.
Theorem 1
([10]). Let ( S , d ) be a compact metric space and V : S S be a mapping. Suppose that, for all 𝚥 , S with 𝚥 ,
1 2 d 𝚥 , V 𝚥 < d 𝚥 , d V 𝚥 , V < d 𝚥 , .
Then, V has a unique fixed point in S.
Bindu et al. [11] proved the commonfixed point theorem for Suzuki type mapping in a complete subspace of the partial metric space.
Theorem 2.
Let ( S , δ ) be a partial metric space and f , g , V , Z : S S be mappings satisfying:
1 2 min δ f 𝚥 , V 𝚥 , δ g , Z f 𝚥 , g ϕ V 𝚥 , Z α M 𝚥 , β M 𝚥 , ,
for all 𝚥 , S , where ϕ , α , β : 0 , 0 , are such that ϕ is an altering distance function, α is continuous, and β is lower-semi continuous α 0 = β 0 = 0 and ϕ t α t + β t > 0 , for all t > 0 and:
M 𝚥 , = max δ f 𝚥 , g , δ f 𝚥 , V , δ g , Z , δ f 𝚥 , Z + δ g , V 𝚥 2 ,
i.
V S g S , Z S f S ;
ii.
either f ( S ) or g ( S ) is a complete subspace of S;
iii.
the pairs ( f , V ) and ( g , Z ) are weakly compatible.
Then, f , g , V , Z have a common fixed point.
Jleli and Samet [12] introduced a Σ -contraction and established fixed point results in generalized metric spaces. Jleli and Samet [12] also introduced a class of Θ such that Σ : 0 , 1 , of all functions, providing the following conditions:
Σ1.
Σ is nondecreasing;
Σ2.
for any sequence a k in 0 , , lim k Σ a k = 1 if and only if lim k a k = 0 ;
Σ3.
there exist r 0 , 1 and l 0 , such that lim k 0 + Σ k 1 k r = l .
Theorem 3
([12]). Let ( S , d ) be a complete generalized metric space and V : S S be a mapping. Suppose that there exist Σ Θ and γ 0 , 1 such that:
d V 𝚥 , V 0 Σ d V 𝚥 , V Σ d 𝚥 , γ ,
for all 𝚥 , S . Then, V has a unique fixed point.
After that, many authors generalized such a contraction in different spaces [13,14,15,16,17].
Liu et al. [15] modified the class of function Θ exchanging conditions. The class of functions Θ ˜ was defined by the set of Σ : 0 , 1 , satisfying the following conditions:
  • Σ ˜ 1 . Σ is non-decreasing and continuous,
  • Σ ˜ 2 . inf k 0 , Σ k = 1 .
Lemma 1
([15]). Let Σ : 0 , 1 , be a non-decreasing and continuous function with inf k 0 , Σ k = 1 and a k be a sequence in 0 , . Then, the following condition holds:
lim k Σ a k = 1 lim k a k = 0 .
Zheng et al. [18] denoted new set functions Φ satisfying the following conditions:
Φ1.
φ : 1 , 1 , is nondecreasing,
Φ2.
for each k > 0 , lim n φ n k = 1 ,
Φ3.
φ is continuous on 1 , .
Lemma 2
([18]). If φ Φ , then φ ( 1 ) = 1 and φ ( t ) < t for each t > 1 .
Definition 6
([18]). Let ( S , d ) be a metric space and V : S S be a mapping. V is said to be a Σ φ -contraction if there exist Σ Θ and φ Φ such that for any 𝚥 , S ,
Σ d V 𝚥 , V φ Σ N 𝚥 , ,
where:
N 𝚥 , = max d 𝚥 , , d 𝚥 , V , d 𝚥 , V .
Theorem 4
([18]). Let ( S , d ) be a complete metric space and V : S S be a Σ φ -contraction. Then, V has a unique fixed point.
Motivated by the above, we will establish a generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping and obtain fixed point results.

2. Quasi Modular Metric Space

Girgin and Öztürk [19] introduced a new space, which is named a quasi modular metric space. Furthermore, they gave some topological properties. Moreover, defining non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space, they proved some fixed point theorems and obtained some applications.
Definition 7
([19]). A function Q : 0 , × S × S 0 , is called a quasi modular metric on S if the following hold:
q1.
ξ = η if and only if Q m ξ , η = 0 for all m > 0 ;
q2.
Q m + n ξ , η Q m ξ , ν + Q n ν , η for all m , n > 0 and ξ , η , ν S .
Then, S Q is a quasi modular metric space. If in the above definition, we utilize the condition:
q1.
Q m ξ , ξ = 0 for all m > 0 and ξ S ,
instead of ( q 1 ) , then Q is said to be a quasi pseudo modular metric on S. A quasi modular metric Q on S is called a regular if the following weaker version of ( q 1 ) is satisfied:
q3.
ξ = η if and only if Q m ξ , η = 0 for some m > 0 .
Again, Q is called a convex if for m , n > 0 and ξ , η , ν S , the inequality holds:
q4.
Q m + n ξ , η m m + n Q m ξ , ν + n m + n Q n ν , η .
Definition 8
([19]). In Definition 7, if we replace ( q 2 ) by:
q5.
Q max m , n ξ , η Q m ξ , ν + Q n ν , η
for all m , n > 0 and ξ , η , ν S , then S Q is called a non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space.
Note that the function Q max m , n is more general than the function Q m + n ξ , η , so every non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space is a quasi modular metric space.
Example 1
([19]). Let S = 0 , and Q be defined by:
Q m ξ , η = ξ η m if ξ η 1 if ξ < η .
Then, S Q is a quasi modular metric space with m = 1 3 and n = 2 3 , but is not modular metric space since Q m 0 , 1 = 1 and Q m 1 , 0 = 1 3 .
Remark 1
([19]). From the above definitions we deduce that:
i.
For a quasi modular metric Q on S, the conjugate quasi modular metric Q 1 on S of Q is defined by Q m 1 ξ , η = Q m η , ξ .
ii.
If Q is a T 0 -quasi pseudo modular metric on S, then the function Q E defined by Q E = Q 1 Q , that is Q m E ξ , η = max Q m ξ , η , Q m η , ξ , defines a modular metric space.
Now, we discuss some topological properties of quasi modular metric spaces.
Definition 9
([19]). A sequence ξ p in S Q converges to ξ and is called:
a.
Q-convergent or left convergent if ξ p ξ Q m ξ , ξ p 0 .
b.
Q 1 -convergent or right convergent if ξ p ξ Q m ξ p , ξ 0 .
c.
Q E -convergent if Q m ξ , ξ p 0 and Q m ξ p , ξ 0 .
Definition 10
([19]). A sequence ξ p in a quasi modular metric space S Q is called:
d.
left (right) Q-K-Cauchy if for every ε > 0 , there exists p ε N such that Q m ξ r , ξ p < ε for all p , r N with p ε r p p ε p r and for all m > 0 .
e.
Q E -Cauchy if for every ε > 0 , there exists p ε N such that Q m ξ p , ξ r < ε for all p , r N with p , r p ε .
Remark 2
([19]). From the above definitions, we deduce that:
i.
a sequence is left Q-K-Cauchy with respect to Q if and only if it is right Q-K-Cauchy with respect to Q 1 ;
ii.
a sequence is Q E -Cauchy if and only if it is left and right Q-K-Cauchy.
Definition 11
([19]). A quasi modular metric space S Q is called:
i.
left Q-K-complete if every left Q-K-Cauchy is Q-convergent.
ii.
Q-Smyth-complete if every left Q-K-Cauchy sequence is Q E -convergent.

3. Common Fixed Point Results

In the sequel, Q is regular and convex and T Z denotes the family of all C G -simulation functions ζ : 0 , 2 R .
Definition 12.
Let S Q be a non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V : S Q S Q be a mapping. We say that V is a generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping if there exist Σ Θ ˜ , φ Φ and ζ T Z such that:
1 2 Q m ξ , V ξ Q m ξ , η implies ζ Σ Q m V ξ , V η , φ Σ P ξ , η C G
where:
P ξ , η = max Q m ξ , η , Q m ξ , V ξ , Q m η , V η
for all ξ , η S Q .
Theorem 5.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V be the generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping. Then, V has a unique fixed point.
Proof. 
Define a sequence ξ k in S Q by:
ξ k + 1 = V ξ k ,
for all k N . If there exists an k 0 such that ξ k 0 = ξ k 0 + 1 , then z = ξ k 0 becomes a fixed point of V. Consequently, we shall assume that ξ k ξ k + 1 for all k N . Therefore, we have:
Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 > 0 , for all n = 0 , 1 , 2 .
Hence, we have:
1 2 Q m ξ k , V ξ k < Q m ξ k , V ξ k = Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 implies ,
C G ζ Σ Q m V ξ k , V ξ k + 1 , φ Σ P ξ k , ξ k + 1 = ζ Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 , φ Σ P ξ k , ξ k + 1 < G φ Σ P ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 ,
by Definition 5, we get that:
Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 < φ Σ P ξ k , ξ k + 1 ,
where:
P ξ k , ξ k + 1 = max Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Q m ξ k , V ξ k , Q m ξ k + 1 , V ξ k + 1 = max Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 = max Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 .
If:
max Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 = Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2
for some k N , then it follows from (5) and Lemma 2 that we get:
Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 < φ Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 < Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2
which is a contradiction. Therefore, we have:
P ξ k , ξ k + 1 = Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1
for each k N . Also, by (5), we have
Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 < φ Σ Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 .
Repeating this step, we conclude that:
Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 < φ Σ Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 < φ 2 Σ Q m ξ k 1 , ξ k < φ k Σ Q m ξ 1 , ξ 2 ,
for all k N . Taking the limit k above, by the definition of φ and property Θ 2 , we have:
lim k φ k Q m ξ 1 , ξ 2 = 1 .
Thus, from Lemma 1, it follows that:
lim k Q m ξ k + 1 , ξ k + 2 = 0 ,
for all k N . Now, we show that ξ k is a left Q-K-Cauchy sequence. Assume the contrary. There exists ε > 0 such that we can find two subsequences t k and s k of positive integers satisfying the following inequalities:
Q m ξ t k , ξ s k ε , and Q m ξ t k 1 , ξ s k < ε .
From (9) and ( q 5 ), it follows that:
ε Q m ξ t k , ξ s k = Q max m , m ξ t k , ξ s k Q m ξ t k , ξ t k 1 + Q m ξ t k 1 , ξ s k < ε + Q m ξ t k , ξ t k 1 .
On taking the limit as k in the above relation, we obtain that:
lim k Q m ξ t k , ξ s k = ε .
Also, from (9) and ( q 5 ), it follows that:
Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ s k + 1 = Q max m , m ξ t k + 1 , ξ s k + 1 Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ t k + Q m ξ t k , ξ s k + 1 = Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ t k + Q max m , m ξ t k , ξ s k + 1 Q m ξ t k , ξ t k 1 + Q m ξ t k 1 , ξ s k + 1 + Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ t k = Q m ξ t k , ξ t k 1 + Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ t k + Q max m , m ξ t k 1 , ξ s k + 1 Q m ξ t k 1 , ξ s k + Q m ξ s k , ξ s k + 1 + Q m ξ t k , ξ t k 1 + Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ t k < ε + Q m ξ s k , ξ s k + 1 + Q m ξ t k , ξ t k 1 + Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ t k .
Next, we claim that:
1 2 Q m ξ t k , V ξ t k Q m ξ t k , ξ s k .
If:
1 2 Q m ξ t k , V ξ t k > Q m ξ t k , ξ s k = 1 2 Q m ξ t k , ξ t k + 1 > Q m ξ t k , ξ s k ,
then letting k in (13), from (11) and (8), we have that 0 > ε is a contradiction. Hence,
1 2 Q m ξ t k , V ξ t k Q m ξ t k , ξ s k .
From the generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping, we get:
C G ζ Σ Q m V ξ t k , V ξ s k , φ Σ P ξ t k , ξ s k = ζ Σ Q m ξ t k + 1 , ξ s k + 1 , φ Σ P ξ t k , ξ s k ,
where:
P ξ t k , ξ s k = max Q m ξ t k , ξ s k , Q m ξ t k , V ξ t k , Q m ξ s k , V ξ s k = max Q m ξ t k , ξ s k , Q m ξ t k , ξ t k + 1 , Q m ξ s k , ξ s k + 1 .
Taking the limit k using (8), (11), and (12) in (14) and (15), we obtain:
C G ζ Σ ε , φ Σ ε < G φ Σ ε , Σ ε .
From Definition 5, we get:
Σ ε < φ Σ ε < Σ ε .
It follows that Σ ε < Σ ε , a contradiction. Hence, ξ k is a left Q-K-Cauchy sequence. As S Q is a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space, there exists u S Q such that:
lim k Q m E ξ k , u = 0 .
Thus, we have:
lim k Q m ξ k , u = 0 and lim k Q m u , ξ k = 0 .
Now, we show that u is a fixed point of V. Assume that Q m V u , u > 0 . We claim that for each k 0 , the following holds:
1 2 Q m ξ k , V ξ k Q m ξ k , u .
On the contrary, suppose that:
1 2 Q m ξ k , V ξ k > Q m ξ k , u = 1 2 Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 > Q m ξ k , u .
Taking the limit as k in (16), we obtain 0 > 0 , a contradiction. Thus, the claim is true, and so, from the generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping, we get:
C G ζ Σ Q m V ξ k , V u , φ Σ P ξ k , u = ζ Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , V u , φ Σ P ξ k , u < G φ Σ P ξ k , u , Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , V u .
By Definition 5,
Σ Q m ξ k + 1 , V u < φ Σ P ξ k , u ,
where:
P ξ k , u = max Q m ξ k , u , Q m ξ k , V ξ k , Q m u , V u = max Q m ξ k , u , Q m ξ k , ξ k + 1 , Q m u , V u .
Letting k in (17)–(19), we have:
Σ Q m u , V u < φ Σ Q m u , V u < Σ Q m u , V u .
That is, Σ Q m u , V u < Σ Q m u , V u , a contradiction. Thus, u is a fixed point of V. Suppose that there is an another fixed point u of V such that V u = u and u u . Then, Q m V u , V u = Q m u , u > 0 , and:
0 = 1 2 Q m u , V u Q m u , u .
By the generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping, we have:
C G ζ Σ Q m V u , V u , φ Σ P u , u = ζ Σ Q m u , u , φ Σ P u , u < G φ Σ P u , u , Σ Q m u , u .
From the property of G,
Σ Q m u , u < φ Σ P u , u ,
where:
P u , u = max Q m u , u , Q m u , V u , Q m u , V u = Q m u , u .
From (20)–(22), we attain the following ordering:
Σ Q m u , u < φ Σ Q m u , u < Σ Q m u , u ,
which is a contradiction. Hence, u is a unique fixed point of V. □
Now, we give some corollaries that are directly acquired from our main results.
Corollary 1.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V : S Q S Q be a mapping. If there exists Σ Θ ˜ , φ Φ , and ζ T Z such that:
1 2 Q m 𝚥 , V 𝚥 Q m 𝚥 , implies ,
ζ Σ Q m V 𝚥 , V , φ Σ Q m 𝚥 , C G ,
for all 𝚥 , S Q , then V has a unique fixed point.
Corollary 2.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V : S Q S Q be a mapping. If there exists Σ Θ ˜ , φ Φ , and ζ T Z such that:
ζ Σ Q m V 𝚥 , V , φ Σ P 𝚥 , C G
where:
P 𝚥 , = max Q m 𝚥 , , Q m 𝚥 , V 𝚥 , Q m , V ,
for all 𝚥 , S Q , then V has a unique fixed point.
Corollary 3.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V : S Q S Q be a mapping. If there exists Σ Θ ˜ and φ Φ such that:
1 2 Q m 𝚥 , V 𝚥 Q m 𝚥 , implies ,
Σ Q m V 𝚥 , V φ Σ P 𝚥 ,
where:
P 𝚥 , = max Q m 𝚥 , , Q m 𝚥 , V 𝚥 , Q m , V ,
for all 𝚥 , S Q , then V has a unique fixed point.
Corollary 4.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V : S Q S Q be a mapping. If there exists Σ Θ ˜ and φ Φ such that:
Σ Q m V 𝚥 , V φ Σ P 𝚥 ,
where:
P 𝚥 , = max Q m 𝚥 , , Q m 𝚥 , V 𝚥 , Q m , V ,
for all 𝚥 , S Q , then V has a unique fixed point.
Corollary 5.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and V : S Q S Q be a mapping. If there exists Σ Θ ˜ and φ Φ such that:
Σ Q m V 𝚥 , V φ Σ Q m 𝚥 , ,
for all 𝚥 , S Q , then V has a unique fixed point.

4. Application to a Graph Structure

Let S Q be a non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and = { ( 𝚥 , 𝚥 ) : 𝚥 S Q } denote the diagonal of S Q × S Q . Let H be a directed graph such that the set C ( H ) of its vertices coincides with S Q and B ( H ) is the set of edges of the graph such that B ( H ) . H is determined with the pair ( C ( H ) , B ( H ) ) .
If 𝚥 and are vertices of H, then a path in H from 𝚥 to of length p N is a finite sequence { 𝚥 p } of vertices such that 𝚥 = 𝚥 0 , , 𝚥 p = η and ( 𝚥 i 1 , 𝚥 i ) B ( H ) for i { 1 , 2 , , p } .
Recall that H is connected if there is a path between any two vertices, and it is weakly connected if H ˜ is connected, where H ˜ defines the undirected graph obtained from H by ignoring the direction of edges. Define by H 1 the graph obtained from H by reversing the direction of edges. Thus,
B H 1 = 𝚥 , S Q × S Q : , 𝚥 B H .
It is more convenient to treat H ˜ as a directed graph for which the set of its edges is symmetric, under this convention; we have that:
B ( H ˜ ) = B ( H ) B ( H 1 ) .
Let H 𝚥 be the component of H consisting of all the edges and vertices that are contained in some way in H starting at 𝚥 . We denote the relation ( R ) in the following way:
We have 𝚥 ( R ) if and only if, there is a path in H from 𝚥 to , for 𝚥 , C ( H ) .
If H is such that B ( H ) is symmetric, then for 𝚥 C ( H ) , the equivalence class [ 𝚥 ] G in V ( G ) described by the relation ( R ) is C ( H 𝚥 ) .
Let S Q be a non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space endowed with a graph H and : S Q S Q . We set:
S = 𝚥 S Q : 𝚥 , 𝚥 B H .
Definition 13
([20]). ( S , d ) is a metric space, and : S S is a mapping. Then, ℏ is called a Banach H-contraction if the following hold:
B1.
ℏ preserves edges of H, i.e., for all 𝚥 , S ,
𝚥 , B H 𝚥 , B H ,
B2.
there exists δ 0 , 1 such that:
d 𝚥 , δ d 𝚥 ,
for all ( 𝚥 , ) B ( H ) .
After that, many fixed point researchers investigated fixed point results improving the Jachymski fixed point theorems in [17,21,22,23].
Now, motivated by [24,25,26], we generate a new contraction and obtain fixed point results using a graph structure.
Definition 14.
Let S Q be a non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space and : S Q S Q be a mapping. Then, we say that ℏ is a generalized Suzuki-simulation-H-type contractive mapping if the following conditions hold:
H1.
ℏ preserves edges of G;
H2.
there exists Σ Θ ˜ , φ Φ and ζ T Z such that:
1 2 Q m 𝚥 , 𝚥 Q m 𝚥 , implies , ζ Σ Q m 𝚥 , , φ Σ P 𝚥 , C G ,
where
P 𝚥 , = max Q m 𝚥 , , Q m 𝚥 , 𝚥 , Q m ,
for all 𝚥 , B ( H ) and for all m > 0 .
Remark 3.
Let S Q be a non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space with a graph H and : S Q S Q be a generalized Suzuki-simulation-H-type contractive mapping. If there exists 𝚥 0 S Q such that 𝚥 0 𝚥 0 H ˜ , then:
R1.
ℏ is both a generalized Suzuki-simulation- H 1 -type contractive mapping and a generalized Suzuki- Simulation- H ˜ -type contractive mapping.
R2.
𝚥 0 H ˜ is ℏ-invariant, and 𝚥 0 H ˜ is a generalized Suzuki-simulation- H ˜ 𝚥 0 -type contractive mapping.
Theorem 6.
Let S Q be a Q-Smyth-complete non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space with a graph H and : S Q S Q be a mapping.
i.
there exists 𝚥 0 S ;
ii.
ℏ is the generalized Suzuki-simulation- H ˜ -type contractive mapping;
iii.
H is weakly connected;
iv.
if 𝚥 k is a sequence in S Q such that lim k Q m E 𝚥 k , u = 0 and 𝚥 k , 𝚥 k + 1 B H , then there exists a subsequence 𝚥 k s of 𝚥 k such that 𝚥 k s , u B H .
Then, ℏ has a unique fixed point.
Proof. 
Define a sequence 𝚥 k in S Q by:
𝚥 k + 1 = 𝚥 k ,
for all k N . Let 𝚥 0 be a given point in S ; thus, 𝚥 0 , 𝚥 0 = 𝚥 0 , 𝚥 1 B H . Because preserves the edges of H,
𝚥 0 , 𝚥 1 B H 𝚥 0 , 𝚥 1 B H .
Continuing this way, we get:
𝚥 k , 𝚥 k + 1 B H .
Then from Theorem 5, we get that 𝚥 k is a left Q-K-Cauchy sequence in S Q . By the Q-Smyth- completeness of S Q , there exists u S Q such that:
lim k Q m E 𝚥 k , u = 0 .
Thus, we have:
lim k Q m 𝚥 k , u = 0 and lim k Q m u , 𝚥 k = 0 .
Now, we show that u is a fixed point of . Using ( i v ) , we get 𝚥 k s , u B H . We claim that:
1 2 Q m 𝚥 k s , 𝚥 k s Q m 𝚥 k s , u .
If
1 2 Q m 𝚥 k s , 𝚥 k s > Q m 𝚥 k s , u = 1 2 Q m 𝚥 k s , 𝚥 k s + 1 > Q m 𝚥 k s , u
and taking the limit s in (28), we get 0 > 0 , a contradiction. Hence, the claim is true. Since is a generalized Suzuki-simulation- H ˜ -type contractive mapping, we have:
C G ζ Σ Q m 𝚥 k s , u , φ Σ P 𝚥 k s , u ζ Σ Q m 𝚥 k s , u , φ Σ P 𝚥 k s , u G φ Σ P 𝚥 k s , u , Σ Q m h 𝚥 k s , h u ,
from Definition 5, we get:
Σ Q m 𝚥 k s , u , φ Σ P 𝚥 k s , u ,
where:
P 𝚥 k s , u = max Q m 𝚥 k s , u , Q m 𝚥 k s , 𝚥 k s , Q m u , u = max Q m 𝚥 k s , u , Q m 𝚥 k s , 𝚥 k s + 1 , Q m u , u .
Taking the limit as s in (29)–(31), we get:
Σ Q m u , h u < φ Σ Q m u , h u < Σ Q m u , h u .
It follows that Σ Q m u , h u < Σ Q m u , h u , a contradiction. Therefore, we get Q m u , u = 0 , that is u = u since Q is regular.
Next, we show that u is a unique fixed point of . On the contrary, we suppose that u is another fixed point of , i.e., u = u and u u . Then, there exist σ S Q such that ( u , σ ) B ( H ) and ( σ , u ) B ( H ) . Using ( i i i ) , we get that ( u , u ) B ( H ˜ ) . Furthermore,
0 = 1 2 Q m u , h u < Q m u , u .
From the generalized Suzuki-Simulation- H ˜ -type contractive mapping we have:
C G ζ Σ Q m h u , h u , φ Σ P u , u ζ Σ Q m u , u , φ Σ P u , u G φ Σ P u , u , Σ Q m h u , h u .
Using Definition 5, we get:
Σ Q m u , u < φ Σ P u , u
where:
P u , u = max Q m u , u , Q m u , u , Q m u , u = max Q m u , u , 0 = Q m u , u .
From (33)–(35), it follows that:
Σ Q m u , u < φ Σ Q m u , u < Σ Q m u , u .
This is an incorrect statement. Hence, u = u .  □

5. Conclusions

First, motivated by [4,10,15], we established a new contractive mapping, which is called the generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping. Second, in [19], we constituted a new quasi metric space, which is named the non-Archimedean quasi modular metric space, and so using this, we attained fixed point theorems via generalized Suzuki-simulation-type contractive mapping. Finally, we acquired graphical fixed point results in non-Archimedean quasi modular metric spaces.

Author Contributions

The authours contributed equally in writing this article. Authours read and approved the manuscript.

Funding

This research received no external funding.

Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to the editor and reviewers for their careful reviews and useful comments.

Conflicts of Interest

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Girgin, E.; Öztürk, M. Modified Suzuki-Simulation Type Contractive Mapping in Non-Archimedean Quasi Modular Metric Spaces and Application to Graph Theory. Mathematics 2019, 7, 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/math7090769

AMA Style

Girgin E, Öztürk M. Modified Suzuki-Simulation Type Contractive Mapping in Non-Archimedean Quasi Modular Metric Spaces and Application to Graph Theory. Mathematics. 2019; 7(9):769. https://doi.org/10.3390/math7090769

Chicago/Turabian Style

Girgin, Ekber, and Mahpeyker Öztürk. 2019. "Modified Suzuki-Simulation Type Contractive Mapping in Non-Archimedean Quasi Modular Metric Spaces and Application to Graph Theory" Mathematics 7, no. 9: 769. https://doi.org/10.3390/math7090769

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