Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Leaf Anatomy, Stomatal Behavior, Water Loss, and Some Physiological Traits of Date Palm Plantlets Grown In Vitro and Ex Vitro
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Anatomical Examinations
2.2. Water Loss %
2.3. Photosynthetic Pigments and Reducing Sugars
2.4. Survival Percentage (%)
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Plant Material and Growth Conditions
3.2. Leaf Anatomy and Surface Ultrastructure (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM)
3.3. Determination of the Water Loss %
3.4. Photosynthetic Pigments
3.5. Determination of Reducing Sugars
3.6. Statistical Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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PEG g L−1 | Adaxial Surface | Abaxial Surface | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | Opened | Closed | Aperture Length | Density | Opened | Closed | Aperture Length | |
0.0 | 140.6 | 133.74 a | 6.82 d | 13.67 a | 159.5 | 150.9 a | 8.54 c | 14.67 a |
10 | 140.6 | 101.2 b | 39.40 c | 10.74 ab | 154.4 | 114.9 b | 39.42 b | 11.32 b |
20 | 138.9 | 75.46 c | 63.42 b | 9.54 bc | 145.8 | 99.46 c | 46.26 b | 10.45 b |
30 | 149.4 | 41.10 d | 108.1 a | 7.36 c | 151.4 | 51.42 d | 89.18 a | 7.77 c |
LSD0.05 | NS | 15.29 | 20.93 | 3.30 | NS | 14.78 | 16.46 | 1.305 |
PEG g L−1 | Adaxial Surface | Abaxial Surface | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Density | Opened | Closed | Aperture Length | Density | Opened | Closed | Aperture Length | |
0.0 | 145.8 | 109.7 a | 36.04 c | 11.44 a | 187.0 a | 145.8 a | 41.16 b | 12.32 a |
10 | 147.7 | 86.02 b | 61.66 b | 7.87 b | 158.0 b | 101.6 b | 56.44 b | 8.71 b |
20 | 154.3 | 41.12 c | 115.0 a | 6.15 c | 168.1 ab | 54.86 c | 113.2 a | 6.99 c |
30 | 154.1 | 30.58 c | 123.5 a | 3.14 d | 157.34 b | 33.46 d | 124.0 a | 3.43 d |
LSD0.05 | NS | 14.06 | 20.15 | 1.59 | 19.54 | 17.75 | 21.28 | 1.181 |
Time (A) | PEG g L−1 (B) | Mean (A) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | ||
In vitro | |||||
30 min | 24.19 q | 22.94 q | 22.91 q | 20.43 r | 20.62 H |
60 min | 36.30 n | 33.35 o | 33.38 o | 30.33 p | 33.27 G |
90 min | 42.24 jk | 38.76 m | 36.61 n | 34.92 no | 38.13 F |
120 min | 44.52 i | 43.93 ij | 39.64 lm | 38.74 m | 41.71 E |
150 min | 50.54 de | 46.85 h | 42.57 jk | 41.30 kl | 45.32 D |
180 min | 54.46 c | 51.67 d | 46.55 h | 44.64 i | 49.33 C |
210 min | 56.67 b | 53.83 c | 48.68 fg | 47.81 gh | 51.75 B |
240 min | 60.38 a | 55.31 bc | 50.28 Ef | 49.22 efg | 53.80 A |
Mean (B) | 46.13 A | 43.33 B | 40.03 C | 38.42 D | |
Ex vitro | |||||
30 min | 22.32 n | 21.19 no | 20.43 o | 18.35 p | 20.6 H |
60 min | 33.13 k | 31.11 l | 30.34 l | 24.49 m | 29.77 G |
90 min | 36.63 hi | 34.50 jk | 33.35 k | 30.85 l | 33.83 F |
120 min | 39.50 g | 37.30 h | 35.30 ij | 33.27 k | 36.35 E |
150 min | 42.93 ef | 40.28 g | 37.78 h | 36.37 hi | 39.34 D |
180 min | 48.18 cd | 44.54 e | 40.81 g | 40.36 g | 43.47 C |
210 min | 51.57 b | 46.93 d | 42.82 f | 42.80 f | 46.03 B |
240 min | 55.66 a | 49.33 c | 46.60 d | 43.97 ef | 48.89 A |
Mean (B) | 41.24 A | 38.16 B | 35.93 C | 33.81 D | |
LSD0.05 for | In vitro | Ex vitro | |||
A | 0.4913 | 0.5907 | |||
B | 0.6949 | 0.8354 | |||
AB | 1.702 | 1.671 |
PEG g L−1 | Chla µg mL−1 | Chlb µg mL−1 | Chla,b µg ml−1 | Carotenoids µg mL−1 | Reducing Sugars mg g−1 DW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
In vitro | |||||
0.0 | 24.225 b | 7.665 bc | 31.891 c | 6.610 b | 63.623 d |
10 | 26.232 b | 9.395 b | 35.627 b | 7.751 a | 132.10 c |
20 | 33.795 a | 11.267 a | 45.062 a | 8.591 a | 195.30 b |
30 | 20.989 c | 6.354 c | 27.343 d | 5.740 b | 260.059 a |
LSD0.05 | 1.728 | 1.730 | 2.881 | 1.007 | 2.234 |
Ex vitro | |||||
0.0 | 27.283 c | 10.82 a | 38.099 c | 7.79 a | 24.962 d |
10 | 30.993 b | 11.12 a | 42.113 b | 8.019 c | 55.157 c |
20 | 34.278 a | 11.60 a | 45.895 a | 8.454 a | 142.359 b |
30 | 24.514 d | 8.898 b | 33.412 d | 6.030 b | 304.604 a |
LSD0.05 | 1.621 | 1.243 | 2.117 | 1.514 | 2.823 |
Treatments | Survival Percentage (%) |
---|---|
PEG 0.0 g L−1 | 63% ab |
PEG 10 g L−1 | 72% ab |
PEG 20 g L−1 | 90% a |
PEG 30 g L−1 | 45% b |
LSD0.05 | 27.73 |
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Din, A.F.M.Z.E.; Ibrahim, M.F.M.; Farag, R.; El-Gawad, H.G.A.; El-Banhawy, A.; Alaraidh, I.A.; Rashad, Y.M.; Lashin, I.; El-Yazied, A.A.; Elkelish, A.; et al. Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Leaf Anatomy, Stomatal Behavior, Water Loss, and Some Physiological Traits of Date Palm Plantlets Grown In Vitro and Ex Vitro. Plants 2020, 9, 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111440
Din AFMZE, Ibrahim MFM, Farag R, El-Gawad HGA, El-Banhawy A, Alaraidh IA, Rashad YM, Lashin I, El-Yazied AA, Elkelish A, et al. Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Leaf Anatomy, Stomatal Behavior, Water Loss, and Some Physiological Traits of Date Palm Plantlets Grown In Vitro and Ex Vitro. Plants. 2020; 9(11):1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111440
Chicago/Turabian StyleDin, Amal F. M. Zein El, Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim, Reham Farag, Hany G. Abd El-Gawad, Ahmed El-Banhawy, Ibrahim A. Alaraidh, Younes M. Rashad, Islam Lashin, Ahmed Abou El-Yazied, Amr Elkelish, and et al. 2020. "Influence of Polyethylene Glycol on Leaf Anatomy, Stomatal Behavior, Water Loss, and Some Physiological Traits of Date Palm Plantlets Grown In Vitro and Ex Vitro" Plants 9, no. 11: 1440. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9111440