A Two-Stage Culture Method for Zygotic Embryos Effectively Overcomes Constraints Imposed by Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Seed Dormancy in Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Plant Materials and Sterilization
2.2. Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy Breaking as Affected by GA3, ABA, and Endosperm
- (1)
- The percentage of hypocotyl dormancy breaking = number of embryos that release hypocotyl dormancy/the whole number of embryos
- (2)
- The percentage of epicotyl dormancy breaking = number of embryos that release epicotyl dormancy/the whole number of embryos
2.3. Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy Breaking as Affected by GA3 and 6-Benzylaminopurine (BA)
2.4. Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy Breaking as Affected by BA and GA3 in a Two-Stage Culture Method
2.5. Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy Breaking as Affected by the Light and Its Quality
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. The Effect of GA3, ABA, and Endosperm on Hypocotyl Dormancy Breaking
3.2. The Effect of GA3 and BA Concentration on Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy Breaking
3.3. Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy Breaking Affected by GA3 and BA in a Two-stage Culture Method
3.4. The Effect of the Light and Its Quality on Breaking Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Dormancy
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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First Culture Stage | Second Culture Stage | Abbreviation | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PGR (mg·L−1) | Temperature (°C) | PGR (mg·L−1) | Temperature (°C) | |||
GA3 | BA | GA3 | BA | |||
0.0 | 0.0 | 25 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 25 | Control (no PGR, 25 °C) |
0.0 | 0.0 | 25 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 25 | Control → 1.0 GA3 (25 °C) |
0.0 | 0.0 | 25 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 25 | Control → 0.5 BA (25 °C) |
0.0 | 0.0 | 25 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 25 | Control → 1.0 GA3 and 0.5 BA (25 °C) |
1.0 | 0.0 | 25 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 25 | 1.0 GA3 (25 °C) |
1.0 | 0.5 | 25 | 1.0 | 0.5 | 25 | 1.0 GA3 and 0.5 BA (25 °C) |
Explant | Temperature (°C) | Medium | PGR (mg·L−1) | Hypocotyl Dormancy Breaking (%) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
GA3 | ABA | ||||
Embryo | 25 | MS | 0.0 | 0.0 | 80.0 ± 2.1 a z |
Embryo | 25 | MS | 1.0 | 0.0 | 81.7 ± 3.2 a |
Embryo | 25 | MS | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 b |
Embryo | 25 | MS | 1.0 | 1.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 b |
Embryo and endosperm | 25 | MS | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 ± 0.0 b |
- | - | - | - | - | *** |
Treatments (mg·L−1) | Dormancy Breaking (%) | |
---|---|---|
Hypocotyl | Epicotyl | |
Control (no PGR, 25 °C) | 80.0 ± 2.1 a z | 10.3 ± 0.8 d |
Control → 1.0 GA3 (25 °C) | 80.0 ± 2.1 a | 30.4 ± 2.2 b |
Control → 0.5 BA (25 °C) | 80.0 ± 2.1 a | 30.1 ± 1.8 b |
Control → 1.0 GA3 and 0.5 BA (25 °C) | 80.0 ± 2.1 a | 92.5 ± 3.8 a |
1.0 GA3 (25 °C) | 80.0 ± 3.2 a | 30.0 ± 2.0 b |
1.0 GA3 and 0.5 BA (25 °C) | 0.0 ± 0.0 b | 91.7 ± 1.9 a |
F-test | *** | *** |
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Ren, X.; Liu, Y.; Jeong, B.R. A Two-Stage Culture Method for Zygotic Embryos Effectively Overcomes Constraints Imposed by Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Seed Dormancy in Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. Plants 2019, 8, 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100356
Ren X, Liu Y, Jeong BR. A Two-Stage Culture Method for Zygotic Embryos Effectively Overcomes Constraints Imposed by Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Seed Dormancy in Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’. Plants. 2019; 8(10):356. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100356
Chicago/Turabian StyleRen, Xiuxia, Ya Liu, and Byoung Ryong Jeong. 2019. "A Two-Stage Culture Method for Zygotic Embryos Effectively Overcomes Constraints Imposed by Hypocotyl and Epicotyl Seed Dormancy in Paeonia ostii ‘Fengdan’" Plants 8, no. 10: 356. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants8100356