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155,034 Results Found

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
9,776 Views
18 Pages

When the ambient temperature, in which a person is situated, fluctuates, the body’s surface temperature will alter proportionally. However, the body’s core temperature will remain relatively steady. Consequently, using body surface temper...

  • Article
  • Open Access
10 Citations
5,022 Views
14 Pages

The Relationship between Nil-Strength Temperature, Zero Strength Temperature and Solidus Temperature of Carbon Steels

  • Petr Kawulok,
  • Ivo Schindler,
  • Bedřich Smetana,
  • Ján Moravec,
  • Andrea Mertová,
  • Ľubomíra Drozdová,
  • Rostislav Kawulok,
  • Petr Opěla and
  • Stanislav Rusz

20 March 2020

The nil-strength temperature, zero strength temperature and solidus temperature are significant parameters with respect to the processes of melting, casting and welding steels. With the use of physical tests performed on the universal plastometer Gle...

  • Article
  • Open Access
74 Citations
11,923 Views
18 Pages

Estimating Temperature Fields from MODIS Land Surface Temperature and Air Temperature Observations in a Sub-Arctic Alpine Environment

  • Scott N. Williamson,
  • David S. Hik,
  • John A. Gamon,
  • Jeffrey L. Kavanaugh and
  • Gwenn E. Flowers

24 January 2014

Spatially continuous satellite infrared temperature measurements are essential for understanding the consequences and drivers of change, at local and regional scales, especially in northern and alpine environments dominated by a complex cryosphere wh...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
8,707 Views
10 Pages

3 December 2020

The meaning and evolution of the notion of “temperature” (which is a key concept for the condensed and gaseous matter theories) are addressed from different points of view. The concept of temperature has turned out to be much more fundame...

  • Technical Note
  • Open Access
1,958 Views
15 Pages

1 March 2023

The snow temperature above the ice sheet is one of the basic characteristic parameters of the ice sheet, which plays an important role in the study of the global climate. Because infrared and microwaves with different frequencies have different penet...

  • Article
  • Open Access
44 Citations
12,123 Views
12 Pages

Passive Resistor Temperature Compensation for a High-Temperature Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor

  • Zong Yao,
  • Ting Liang,
  • Pinggang Jia,
  • Yingping Hong,
  • Lei Qi,
  • Cheng Lei,
  • Bin Zhang,
  • Wangwang Li,
  • Diya Zhang and
  • Jijun Xiong

22 July 2016

The main limitation of high-temperature piezoresistive pressure sensors is the variation of output voltage with operating temperature, which seriously reduces their measurement accuracy. This paper presents a passive resistor temperature compensation...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
9,336 Views
22 Pages

Uncertainty Analysis of the Temperature–Resistance Relationship of Temperature Sensing Fabric

  • Muhammad Dawood Husain,
  • Ozgur Atalay,
  • Asli Atalay and
  • Richard Kennon

24 November 2016

This paper reports the uncertainty analysis of the temperature–resistance (TR) data of the newly developed temperature sensing fabric (TSF), which is a double-layer knitted structure fabricated on an electronic flat-bed knitting machine, made of poly...

  • Article
  • Open Access
23 Citations
7,449 Views
8 Pages

Relationship between Rectal Temperature and Vaginal Temperature in Grazing Bos taurus Heifers

  • Angela M. Lees,
  • Jim M. Lea,
  • Hannah E. Salvin,
  • Linda M. Cafe,
  • Ian G. Colditz and
  • Caroline Lee

18 September 2018

This study evaluated the relationship between rectal temperature (TREC, °C) and vaginal temperature (TVAG, °C) in grazing Bos taurus heifers, to develop an understanding of the reliability of these measures as estimates of core body temperature. Nine...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
2,976 Views
12 Pages

29 September 2018

Oil shale is a kind of high-combustion heat mineral, and its oxidation in mining and storage are worth studying. To investigate the low-temperature oxidation characteristics of oil shale, the temperature, CO, alkane and alkene gases were analyzed usi...

  • Article
  • Open Access
286 Views
17 Pages

28 November 2025

As the rubber constituting laminated rubber isolation bearings is a temperature-sensitive material, its performance is susceptible to temperature disturbances. Firstly, this study systematically analyzed the effects of temperature on the mechanical p...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
4,878 Views
12 Pages

A Flexible Temperature Sensor Integrated at Needle Tip for In Situ Acupoint Temperature Monitoring

  • Ci Song,
  • Zheng Yu,
  • Weiwen Feng,
  • Ke Sun,
  • Chuanbiao Wen,
  • Shengyan Zhang,
  • Shuguang Yu and
  • Xinxin Li

19 July 2024

Temperature can reflect vital activities, and researchers have attempted to guide Chinese medicine diagnosis and treatment by observing acupoint temperature changes. Integrating a temperature sensor at the needle tip enables in situ acupoint temperat...

  • Article
  • Open Access
45 Citations
12,021 Views
18 Pages

1 February 2013

In this article, an extreme environment-capable temperature sensing system based on state-of-art silicon carbide (SiC) wireless electronics is presented. In conjunction with a Pt-Pb thermocouple, the SiC wireless sensor suite is operable at 450 °C wh...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
2 Citations
986 Views
6 Pages

15 November 2023

In this paper, we present experimental findings related to the measurement of air temperature within an enclosure. We utilized both a conventional temperature sensor and a UOTS (ultra-sensitive oscillating temperature sensor) for this purpose. The UO...

  • Article
  • Open Access
19 Citations
9,134 Views
10 Pages

25 January 2013

This paper presents results of the development and application of a new temperature grid sensor based on the wire-mesh sensor principle. The grid sensor consists of a matrix of 256 Pt1000 platinum chip resistors and an associated electronics that mea...

  • Article
  • Open Access
18 Citations
8,113 Views
6 Pages

Implementation of a Feedback I2-Controlled Constant Temperature Environment Temperature Meter

  • Lígia S. Palma,
  • Amauri Oliveira,
  • Alexandre S. Costa,
  • Antônio Q. Andrade,
  • Cleber V. R. Almeida,
  • Marcos E. P. V. Zurita and
  • Raimundo C. S. Freire

31 October 2003

A feedback thermo-resistive sensor-based measurement scheme was proposed to estimate physical quantities like solar radiation (H), fluid velocity (U) and environment temperature (Ta). It was implemented as an environment temperature meter, using PI c...

  • Review
  • Open Access
396 Citations
29,927 Views
26 Pages

High-Temperature Piezoelectric Sensing

  • Xiaoning Jiang,
  • Kyungrim Kim,
  • Shujun Zhang,
  • Joseph Johnson and
  • Giovanni Salazar

20 December 2013

Piezoelectric sensing is of increasing interest for high-temperature applications in aerospace, automotive, power plants and material processing due to its low cost, compact sensor size and simple signal conditioning, in comparison with other high-te...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,911 Views
13 Pages

9 March 2012

This study developed a theoretical model for predicting the downstream temperatures of high pressure high temperature condensate gas flowing through chokes. The model is composed of three parts: the iso-enthalpy choke model derived from continuity eq...

  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
12 Citations
4,234 Views
19 Pages

Comparison of Temperature Control and Temperature Difference Control for a Kaibel Dividing Wall Column

  • Xing Qian,
  • Rui Liu,
  • Kejin Huang,
  • Haisheng Chen,
  • Yang Yuan,
  • Liang Zhang and
  • Shaofeng Wang

21 October 2019

A dividing wall column (DWC) effectively intensifies the distillation process with a reduced energy consumption, capital investment, and space. The three-product DWC has been investigated intensively and extensively; however, the four-product Kaibel...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
1,448 Views
21 Pages

13 November 2023

On the basis of the theory of unsteady heat conduction, discrete equations for the unsteady temperature field in the secondary linings of high-water-temperature tunnels when considering the hydration heat of lining concrete were derived and establish...

  • Communication
  • Open Access
9 Citations
4,967 Views
11 Pages

Temperature Compensation Method Based on Bilinear Interpolation for Downhole High-Temperature Pressure Sensors

  • Yizhan Shu,
  • Chenquan Hua,
  • Zerun Zhao,
  • Pengcheng Wang,
  • Haocheng Zhang,
  • Wenxin Yu and
  • Haobo Yu

7 August 2024

Due to their high accuracy, excellent stability, minor size, and low cost, silicon piezoresistive pressure sensors are used to monitor downhole pressure under high-temperature, high-pressure conditions. However, due to silicon’s temperature sen...

  • Article
  • Open Access
7 Citations
2,374 Views
15 Pages

26 July 2023

In this study, eight extreme temperature event indices were calculated based on daily maximum, minimum, and mean temperature data recorded at 699 National Reference Stations in China during 1961–2020. The yearly change of mean temperature and t...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,593 Views
11 Pages

20 March 2024

Characteristics of scales, such as the labels that are used on scales, have been shown to affect judgments. The scale-dependency hypothesis predicts specific effects of the properties of a temperature scale on residents’ choices of temperature...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,004 Views
18 Pages

The construction of reservoir dams has changed the environment and natural properties of the river course, and deep-water reservoirs present an obvious phenomenon of thermal stratification. Low-temperature outflow water in spring and summer will have...

  • Letter
  • Open Access
30 Citations
3,374 Views
15 Pages

15 September 2020

Climate change could impose great influence on infrastructures. Previous studies have shown that solar radiation is one of the most important factors causing the change in temperature distribution in bridges. The current temperature distribution mode...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
1,109 Views
17 Pages

Temperature Field and Temperature Effects for Concrete Box Girder Bridges Based on Monitoring Data and Numerical Simulation

  • Mengxiang Zhai,
  • Hongyin Yang,
  • Bin Li,
  • Jing Hao,
  • Weihua Zhou,
  • Hongyou Cao and
  • Zhangjun Liu

13 August 2025

The temperature field distribution and temperature effects of concrete box girder bridges were found to be critical to their long-term service safety. Based on long-term structural health monitoring data, the temperature field and temperature effects...

  • Article
  • Open Access
48 Citations
7,241 Views
21 Pages

15 April 2020

Distributed temperature sensing (DTS) systems can be used to estimate the temperature along optic fibers of several kilometers at a sub-meter interval. DTS systems function by shooting laser pulses through a fiber and measuring its backscatter intens...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,012 Views
19 Pages

Comprehensive Validation of MODIS-Derived Instantaneous Air Temperature and Daily Minimum Temperature at Nighttime

  • Wenjie Zhang,
  • Jiarui Zhao,
  • Wenbin Zhu,
  • Yunbo Kong,
  • Bingcheng Wan and
  • Yilan Liao

15 May 2025

Nighttime near-surface air temperature is a critical input for ecological, hydrological, and meteorological models and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived instantaneous nighttime near-surface air temperature (Ta) and dai...

  • Article
  • Open Access
22 Citations
7,688 Views
19 Pages

30 September 2019

Heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems usually have a set-point temperature control feature that uses the indoor dry-bulb temperature to control the indoor environment. However, an incorrect set-point temperature can reduce thermal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
51 Citations
7,596 Views
15 Pages

1 August 2017

It is difficult to predict the heating time and power consumption associated with the self-heating process of lithium-ion batteries at low temperatures. A temperature-rise model considering the dynamic changes in battery temperature and state of char...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
8,671 Views
14 Pages

19 May 2018

This paper investigates the concepts, performance and limitations of temperature sensing circuits realized in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) silicon on insulator (SOI) technology. It is shown that the MOSFET threshold voltage (Vt) can...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,321 Views
13 Pages

23 October 2018

This paper quantitatively investigates the spatial and temperature resolutions of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) temperature imaging with a multiline phantom filled with MNPs. The multiline phantom in total consists of seven lines with different distanc...

  • Article
  • Open Access
9 Citations
2,836 Views
17 Pages

This study examines the evolution law of the coal temperature field under low-temperature freezing conditions. The temperature inside coal samples with different water contents was measured in real-time at several measurement points in different loca...

  • Article
  • Open Access
4 Citations
2,550 Views
18 Pages

11 July 2023

Low-temperature food printing technology is used in many fields, such as personalized nutrition, cooking art, food design and medical nutrition. By precisely controlling the deposition temperature of the ink, a food with a finer and more controllable...

  • Article
  • Open Access
14 Citations
6,467 Views
16 Pages

Temperature Distribution in Insulated Temperature-Controlled Container by Numerical Simulation

  • Bin Li,
  • Jiaming Guo,
  • Jingjing Xia,
  • Xinyu Wei,
  • Hao Shen,
  • Yongfeng Cao,
  • Huazhong Lu and
  • Enli Lü

12 September 2020

Cold-storage containers are widely used in cold-chain logistics transportation due to their energy saving, environmental protection, and low operating cost. The uniformity of temperature distribution is significant in agricultural-product storage and...

  • Article
  • Open Access
21 Citations
12,627 Views
8 Pages

26 June 2009

This investigation aimed to fabricate a flexible micro resistive temperature sensor to measure the junction temperature of a light emitting diode (LED). The junction temperature is typically measured using a thermal resistance measurement approach. T...

  • Article
  • Open Access
20 Citations
6,145 Views
15 Pages

26 December 2017

The high-temperature hardness test has a wide range of applications, but lacks test standards. The purpose of this study is to develop a finite element method (FEM) model of the relationship between the high-temperature hardness and high-temperature,...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
311 Views
9 Pages

24 November 2025

Surface-acoustic-wave (SAW) sensors with Langasite (LGS) substrate have broad prospects in the field of wireless passive temperature sensing in harsh environments. However, there are still challenges in terms of accuracy regarding the material temper...

  • Proceeding Paper
  • Open Access
836 Views
4 Pages

Reinterpretation of Water Temperature Measurements

  • Aulia Galama-Tirtamarina and
  • Mirjam Blokker

24 September 2024

Drinking water temperatures above 25 °C have been measured more often since Dutch drinking water companies are required to take Random Day Time (RDT) samples. The objective of this study was to obtain more information from the required temperatur...

  • Article
  • Open Access
37 Citations
11,417 Views
12 Pages

Effect of Tempering Temperature on the Low Temperature Impact Toughness of 42CrMo4-V Steel

  • Chen Sun,
  • Pai-Xian Fu,
  • Hong-Wei Liu,
  • Hang-Hang Liu and
  • Ning-Yu Du

2 April 2018

Effects of tempering temperature on the microstructures and low temperature impact toughness of 42CrMo4-V steel were investigated. Microstructures of 42CrMo4-V steel after tempering at 570–720 °C for 3 h were experimentally investigated using scannin...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,581 Views
10 Pages

Predicting Deep Body Temperature (Tb) from Forehead Skin Temperature: Tb or Not Tb?

  • Jason T. Fisher,
  • Urša Ciuha,
  • Michael J. Tipton,
  • Leonidas G. Ioannou and
  • Igor B. Mekjavic

22 January 2022

There is a need to rapidly screen individuals for heat strain and fever using skin temperature (Tsk) as an index of deep body temperature (Tb). This study’s aim was to assess whether Tsk could serve as an accurate and valid index of Tb during a...

  • Article
  • Open Access
5 Citations
3,717 Views
23 Pages

3 January 2025

The accurate measurement of cooking vessel temperatures in induction hobs is crucial for ensuring optimal cooking performance and safety. To achieve this, improvements in existing measurement methods such as thermocouples, thermistors, and infrared (...

  • Letter
  • Open Access
32 Citations
7,006 Views
13 Pages

An Integrated Gold-Film Temperature Sensor for In Situ Temperature Measurement of a High-Precision MEMS Accelerometer

  • Xiaoxiao Song,
  • Huafeng Liu,
  • Yanyan Fang,
  • Chun Zhao,
  • Ziqiang Qu,
  • Qiu Wang and
  • Liang-Cheng Tu

29 June 2020

Temperature sensors are one of the most important types of sensors, and are employed in many applications, including consumer electronics, automobiles and environmental monitoring. Due to the need to simultaneously measure temperature and other physi...

  • Review
  • Open Access
1 Citations
2,789 Views
11 Pages

The Role of Temperature on Inflammation and Coagulation: Should We Apply Temperature Treatments for Hemophilic Arthropathy?

  • Alice Maria Brancato,
  • Laura Caliogna,
  • Alessandra Monzio Compagnoni,
  • Elena Cornella,
  • Camilla Torriani,
  • Micaela Berni,
  • Liliana De Felice,
  • Eugenio Jannelli,
  • Mario Mosconi and
  • Gianluigi Pasta

Hemophilic arthropathy (HA) is a complication of hemophilia, which is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in blood clotting factors. HA is characterized by joint damage with inflammatory responses, pain, and movement limitations due to r...

  • Article
  • Open Access
24 Citations
5,964 Views
10 Pages

Temperature-Dependent Photoluminescence of CdS/ZnS Core/Shell Quantum Dots for Temperature Sensors

  • Luping Tang,
  • Yangyang Zhang,
  • Chen Liao,
  • Yingqing Guo,
  • Yingtao Lu,
  • Yixuan Xia and
  • Yiwei Liu

21 November 2022

Exploring the temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) properties of quantum dots (QDs) is not only important for understanding the carrier recombination processes in QD-based devices but also critical for expanding their special applications at...

  • Article
  • Open Access
908 Views
22 Pages

22 September 2025

This study investigates the external environmental temperature distribution of a small single-story BIPV building on a university campus in Jinan City, Shandong Province, China, under the most adverse summer high-temperature conditions. The temporal...

  • Article
  • Open Access
17 Citations
4,519 Views
19 Pages

This study aimed to assess the heat-related risk (excess mortality rate) at six cities, namely, Seoul, Incheon, Daejeon, Gwangju, Daegu, and Busan, in South Korea using the daily maximum perceived temperature (PTmax), which is a physiology-based ther...

  • Article
  • Open Access
2 Citations
3,593 Views
17 Pages

3 August 2019

Based on the ensemble empirical mode decomposition method, this study explores the differences and similarities in multiple time-scale characteristics of summer air temperature (T) and equivalent temperature (Te) over China during 1961–2017, using da...

  • Article
  • Open Access
1,722 Views
20 Pages

Temperature and Depth Sensor Based on Fiber Bragg Gratings with Temperature-Compensated Structure in Marine Environment

  • Xinyu Zhao,
  • Chenxi Wei,
  • Lina Zeng,
  • Lu Li,
  • Shengjie Liu,
  • Li Sun,
  • Zaijin Li,
  • Hao Chen,
  • Guojun Liu and
  • Lin Li
  • + 4 authors

A fiber Bragg grating (FBG)-based ocean temperature and depth sensor structure is proposed. The pressure sensing section employs a secondary sensitization design comprising a piston and the polycarbonate buffer, while the temperature sensing section...

  • Article
  • Open Access
6 Citations
10,619 Views
10 Pages

Satellite Global and Hemispheric Lower Tropospheric Temperature Annual Temperature Cycle

  • Benjamin M. Herman,
  • Michael A. Brunke,
  • Roger A. Pielke,
  • John R. Christy and
  • Richard T. McNider

16 November 2010

Previous analyses of the Earth’s annual cycle and its trends have utilized surface temperature data sets. Here we introduce a new analysis of the global and hemispheric annual cycle using a satellite remote sensing derived data set during the period...

  • Article
  • Open Access
28 Citations
9,834 Views
15 Pages

6 November 2018

The temperature measurement of blast furnace (BF) molten iron is a mandatory requirement in the ironmaking process, and the molten iron temperature is significant in estimating the molten iron quality and control blast furnace condition. However, it...

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