A Floristic Survey of Wild Edible Plants in Tuscan Maremma, Italy
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Floristic Inventory
2.2. Life-Form Spectrum
2.3. Chorological Spectrum
2.4. Ellenberg Indicator Values
2.5. Biochemical Analyses
2.6. Statistical Analyses
2.6.1. Heatmap Visualization: Insights from MCA Method into Life-Form and Chorological Type Interactions
2.6.2. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to Identify Interaction Patterns
2.6.3. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) of Phytonutritional Compounds
3. Discussion
3.1. Floristic Inventory
3.2. Life-Form Spectrum
3.3. Chorological Spectrum
3.4. Ellenberg Indicator Values
3.5. Exploring Life-Form and Chorological Type Interactions Through Heatmap Visualization
3.6. Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA): From Species Distribution to Key Variable Associations
3.7. Biochemical Analyses
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area
4.2. Data Collection and Analysis
4.3. Biochemical Analysis
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
ABTS | 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) |
CAR | Carotenoids |
CE | Catechin equivalent |
CHLa | Chlorophyll a |
CHLb | Chlorophyll b |
DNS | 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid |
DPPH | 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl |
DW | Dry weight |
FW | Fresh weight |
GAE | Gallic acid equivalent |
GLU | Glucose |
MCA | Multiple correspondence analysis |
HCA | Hierarchical cluster analysis |
PCA | Principal component analysis |
TE | Trolox equivalent |
WEPs | Wild edible plants |
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Pentassuglia, M.; Lombardi, T.; Bambi, G.; Ventura, I.; D’Ambrosio, B.; Bertacchi, A.; Pistelli, L. A Floristic Survey of Wild Edible Plants in Tuscan Maremma, Italy. Plants 2025, 14, 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060976
Pentassuglia M, Lombardi T, Bambi G, Ventura I, D’Ambrosio B, Bertacchi A, Pistelli L. A Floristic Survey of Wild Edible Plants in Tuscan Maremma, Italy. Plants. 2025; 14(6):976. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060976
Chicago/Turabian StylePentassuglia, Mario, Tiziana Lombardi, Giovanni Bambi, Irene Ventura, Benedetta D’Ambrosio, Andrea Bertacchi, and Laura Pistelli. 2025. "A Floristic Survey of Wild Edible Plants in Tuscan Maremma, Italy" Plants 14, no. 6: 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060976
APA StylePentassuglia, M., Lombardi, T., Bambi, G., Ventura, I., D’Ambrosio, B., Bertacchi, A., & Pistelli, L. (2025). A Floristic Survey of Wild Edible Plants in Tuscan Maremma, Italy. Plants, 14(6), 976. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060976