An Up-to-Date Review Regarding the Biological Activity of Geranium robertianum L.
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Taxonomy
3. Phytochemical Composition
4. Biological Activity
4.1. Antimicrobial Activity
4.2. Antiviral
4.3. Anti-Inflammatory
4.4. Antioxidant
4.5. Anti-Cancer
4.6. Wound-Healing
4.7. Neuroprotective
4.8. Antiulcerative
4.9. Antidiabetic
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
MIC | Minimum inhibitory concentration |
NO synthase | Nitric oxide synthase |
IC50 | Half maximal inhibitory concentration |
GI50 | 50% growth inhibition |
CC50 | Concentration of cytotoxicity 50% |
LOX | Lipoxygenase |
DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
EC50 | Half maximal effective concentration |
MAPK | Mitogen activated protein kinase |
NF-κB | Nuclear factor Kappa B |
PI3K/Akt | Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT) |
TNF-α | Tumor necrosis factor |
HO-1 | Heme oxygenase |
Nrf-2 | Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 |
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Study Team and Year | Country | Compound | Concentration | Type of Extract/Plant Material | Method of Analysis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Okuda et al., 1980 [25] | Japan | Geraniin | 10% of leaves dried weight | acetone extract | HPLC-UV |
Paun et al., 2012 [22] | Romania | gallic acid ellagic acid | 1070.78 mg/kg 900.13 mg/kg | aqueous extract | HPLC-MS |
Fodorea et al., 2005 [23] | Romania | ellagic acid | 7599.76 µg/100 mg | alcoholic extract (non-hydrolyzed materials) | HPLC-UV |
ellagic acid | 10,550.65 µg/100 mg | alcoholic extract (hydrolyzed materials) | |||
caffeic acid | 6.62 µg/100 mg | ||||
caftaric acid | 47.41 µg/100 mg | ||||
Graça et al., 2017 [27] | Portugal | kaempferol-O-deoxyhexosyl-glucuronide | 4.78 ± 0.11 mg/g | methanol extract | HPLC-DAD- ESI/MS |
kaempferol-O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside | 2.61 ± 0.07 mg/g | acetone extract | |||
kaempferol-O-deoxyhexosyl-glucuronid | 2.32 ± 0.05 mg/g | ethyl acetate extract | |||
quercetin-3-O-rutinoside | 3.39 ± 0.06 mg/g | acetone extract | |||
quercetin-O-deoxyhexosyl-hexoside | 1.71 ± 0.02 mg/g | methanol extract | |||
quercetin-O-deoxyhexosyl-glucuronide | 0.9421 ± 0.0004 mg/g | ethyl acetate extract | |||
Radulovic’ et al., 2012 [29] | Serbia | hexadecanoic acid | 45.3% | diethyl ether extract from the underground part diethyl ether extract from the aerial part | GC-MS |
Pentacosane | 28.5% | ||||
hexadecanoic acid | 16.6% | ||||
hexahydrofarnesyl acetone | 6.5% | ||||
caryophyllene oxide | 5.4% |
Extract Type | Mg (mg/L) | Mn (mg/L) | Fe (mg/L) | Ca (mg/L) | Zn (mg/L) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aqueous extract | 10.40 ± 0.3 | 0.893 ± 0.07 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | 0.935 ± 0.08 | 0.071 ± 0.006 |
Hydro-alcoholic (50/50) extract | 9.78 ± 0.7 | 0.819 ± 0.07 | 1.8 ± 0.1 | 0.927 ± 0.08 | 0.069 ± 0.006 |
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Haj Ali, D.; Dărăban, A.M.; Ungureanu, D.; Căta, A.; Ienașcu, I.M.C.; Dinu, S.; Dehelean, C.A.; Danciu, C. An Up-to-Date Review Regarding the Biological Activity of Geranium robertianum L. Plants 2025, 14, 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060918
Haj Ali D, Dărăban AM, Ungureanu D, Căta A, Ienașcu IMC, Dinu S, Dehelean CA, Danciu C. An Up-to-Date Review Regarding the Biological Activity of Geranium robertianum L. Plants. 2025; 14(6):918. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060918
Chicago/Turabian StyleHaj Ali, Diana, Adriana Maria Dărăban, Diana Ungureanu, Adina Căta, Ioana Maria Carmen Ienașcu, Stefania Dinu, Cristina Adriana Dehelean, and Corina Danciu. 2025. "An Up-to-Date Review Regarding the Biological Activity of Geranium robertianum L." Plants 14, no. 6: 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060918
APA StyleHaj Ali, D., Dărăban, A. M., Ungureanu, D., Căta, A., Ienașcu, I. M. C., Dinu, S., Dehelean, C. A., & Danciu, C. (2025). An Up-to-Date Review Regarding the Biological Activity of Geranium robertianum L. Plants, 14(6), 918. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14060918