Bioactive Compounds in Sarcocornia and Arthrocnemum, Two Wild Halophilic Genera from the Iberian Peninsula
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC) and Phenolic Acids
2.2. Flavonoids and Hydroxycinnamic Acids
2.3. Fatty Acids
3. Discussion
3.1. Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC)
3.2. Phenolic Acids
3.3. Flavonoids and Hydroxycinnamic Acids
3.4. Fatty Acids
3.5. Nutritional Importance and Future Implications
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Methods
4.2.1. Determination of Humidity
4.2.2. Preparation of Methanol Extract
4.2.3. Total Phenolic Compounds (TPC)
4.2.4. Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) for Phenolic and Fatty Acid Analysis
4.2.5. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/ESI) for Flavonoid and Hydroxycinnamic Acid Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ID | Sample | TPC ± SD | Humidity |
---|---|---|---|
1 | S. alpini | 3.611 ± 0.107 | 10.23% |
2 | S. alpini | 3.569 ± 0.233 | 10.59% |
3 | S. alpini | 3.778 ± 0.231 | 11.80% |
4 | S. alpini | 3.480 ± 0.164 | 10.40% |
5 | S. alpini | 3.430 ± 0.093 | 11.30% |
6 | S. pruinosa | 3.892 ± 0.203 | 10.18% |
7 | S. pruinosa | 3.879 ± 0.207 | 10.53% |
8 | S. pruinosa | 3.404 ± 0.198 | 14.78% |
9 | S. pruinosa | 3.453 ± 0.064 | 14.44% |
10 | S. pruinosa | 3.299 ± 0.156 | 13.17% |
11 | S. pruinosa | 3.231 ± 0.089 | 13.65% |
12 | S. perennis | 3.407 ± 0.004 | 10.29% |
13 | S. perennis | 3.420 ± 0.139 | 13.16% |
14 | S. perennis | 3.460 ± 0.014 | 12.35% |
15 | A. macrostachyum | 4.680 ± 0.036 | 10.35% |
16 | A. macrostachyum | 4.891 ± 0.060 | 11.80% |
17 | A. macrostachyum | 4.803 ± 0.096 | 11.36% |
18 | A. macrostachyum | 4.220 ± 0.014 | 10.55% |
19 | A. macrostachyum | 4.850 ± 0.012 | 13.71% |
20 | A. macrostachyum | 4.770 ± 0.005 | 13.64% |
Species | Flavonoid Compound | Experimental Mass M-H m/z | MS/MS (m/z) |
---|---|---|---|
S. alpini, S. pruinosa, S. perennis, A. macrostachyum | Luteolin | 287 | 285/290 |
S. alpini | Cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside | 419 | 415/422 |
Luteolin-7-glucoside | 448 | 446/450 | |
S. pruinosa and A. macrostachyum | Dihydroquercetin | 304 | 303/310 |
S. pruinosa | p-Coumaroyl tyrosine | 327 | 322/330 |
A. macrostachyum | p-Coumaroyl-glucoside | 326 | 322/330 |
ID | Sample | Geographic Location | Collection Date | MGRS Coordinates |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | S. alpini | Spain, Huelva, and San Juan del Puerto | 15 December 2017 | 29SPB9230 |
2 | S. alpini | Spain, Huelva, and La Rábida | 17 July 2018 | 29SPB8320 |
3 | S. alpini | Spain, Huelva, and Ayamonte | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB4122 |
4 | S. alpini | Portugal and Esteiro de Carrasqueira | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB3918 |
5 | S. alpini | Spain, Huelva, San Juan del Puerto, and saltmarshes of the “Embarcadero de Buitrón” | 7 August 2019 | 29SPB9031 |
6 | S. pruinosa | Spain, Huelva, and Tinto river estuary | 14 December 2017 | 29SPB8220 |
7 | S. pruinosa | Portugal, Tavira saltmarshes, and Santa Luzia | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB1906 |
8 | S. pruinosa | Spain, Huelva, and Punta del Moral | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB4717 |
9 | S. pruinosa | Spain, Huelva, and Odiel saltmarshes | 7 August 2019 | 29SPB7926 |
10 | S. pruinosa | Spain, Huelva, and La Rábida | 17 July 2018 | 29SPB8320 |
11 | S. pruinosa | Spain, Huelva, Odiel River, and “Cabeza Alta” | 14 December 2017 | 29SPB8024 |
12 | S. perennis | Portugal, Tavira saltmarshes, and Santa Luzia | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB1806 |
13 | S. perennis | Spain, Huelva and Tinto river estuary | 14 December 2017 | 29SPB8220 |
14 | S. perennis | Spain, Huelva and Punta del Moral, | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB4717 |
15 | A. macrostachyum | Spain, Zaragoza, and Belchite | 19 January 2017 | 30TXL8875 |
16 | A. macrostachyum | Spain, Madrid, and Colmenar de Oreja | 11 July 2018 | 31TVK5143 |
17 | A. macrostachyum | Spain, Huelva, and La Rábida | 15 December 2017 | 29SPB8320 |
18 | A. macrostachyum | Portugal, Marismas de Tavira, and Santa Luzia | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB1906 |
19 | A. macrostachyum | Spain, Huelva, San Juan del Puerto, and saltmarshes of the “Embarcadero de Buitrón” | 7 August 2019 | 29SPB9131 |
20 | A. macrostachyum | Spain, Huelva, and Ayamonte | 18 July 2018 | 29SPB4218 |
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Sánchez-Gavilán, I.; Ramírez Chueca, E.; de la Fuente García, V. Bioactive Compounds in Sarcocornia and Arthrocnemum, Two Wild Halophilic Genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Plants 2021, 10, 2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102218
Sánchez-Gavilán I, Ramírez Chueca E, de la Fuente García V. Bioactive Compounds in Sarcocornia and Arthrocnemum, Two Wild Halophilic Genera from the Iberian Peninsula. Plants. 2021; 10(10):2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102218
Chicago/Turabian StyleSánchez-Gavilán, Irene, Esteban Ramírez Chueca, and Vicenta de la Fuente García. 2021. "Bioactive Compounds in Sarcocornia and Arthrocnemum, Two Wild Halophilic Genera from the Iberian Peninsula" Plants 10, no. 10: 2218. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants10102218