Towards a Landmark-Based Pedestrian Navigation Service Using OSM Data
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Related Works
2.1. Landmarks in Navigation
2.2. Characteristics and Detection of Landmarks
2.3. OpenStreetMap as a Data Source
2.4. Summary
3. Landmark Identification Methods
3.1. Data Source
3.2. Landmark Identification Methods
- The distance of the feature from the decision point,
- The visibility of the feature as the decision point is approached,
- The position of the feature in relation to the decision point (before, after, alongside)
- The location of the feature in relation to the current direction of travel (to the left or right)
- The waypoint (decision point) itself (WP)
- The reference point on the current route segment (RP). This point is a location on the route approaching the waypoint that is the same distance from the waypoint as the value used as the distance of the buffer for selecting features in the area (default 50 meters)
- The point on the perimeter of the landmark candidate that is closest to the waypoint (LWP)
- The point on the perimeter of the landmark candidate that is closest to RP (LRP)
4. Service Development
4.1. Landmark Identification Service
4.2. Mobile Client
5. Service Evaluation
5.1. Landmark Detection
- Google: “Continue onto New Row”
- Bing: “Road name changes to New Row”
- MapQuest: “Turn left onto B404/St. Martin's Lane; Turn right onto New Row.”
- Navigation Service: “Continue forward after the Salisbury pub, following New Row.”
- Google: “Turn left onto Budačka ul.”
- Bing: “[Turn right on to Ž5154], and then immediately turn left on to D25/Budačka Ulica”
- MapQuest: “Turn left onto D25/D50/Budačka ulica.
- Navigation Service: “Turn left, following Budačka ulica.”
5.2 Landmark Suitability
6. Conclusions and Future Work
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Key | Value | Additional Requirements | Salience Weight |
---|---|---|---|
amenity | arts_center | - | 0.1 |
bank | name/brand | 0.5 | |
bar | name/brand | 0.8 | |
café | name/brand | 0.8 | |
courthouse | - | 0.4 | |
embassy | name/brand | 0.1 | |
fast_food | name/brand | 0.8 | |
fuel | name/brand | 0.9 | |
pharmacy | name/brand | 0.3 | |
pub | name/brand | 0.8 | |
restaurant | name/brand | 0.9 | |
theatre | - | 0.4 | |
town_hall | - | 0.5 | |
building | cathedral | - | 1 |
chapel | - | 1 | |
church | - | 1 | |
mosque | - | 1 | |
synagogue | - | 1 | |
temple | - | 1 | |
crossing | traffic_signals | - | 0.3 |
highway | traffic_signals | - | 0.3 |
historic | clock | name/brand | 0.4 |
memorial | name/brand | 0.7 | |
monument | name/brand | 0.7 | |
statue | name/brand | 0.6 | |
leisure | park | - | 0.2 |
pitch | sport | 0.3 | |
playground | - | 0.7 | |
sports_center | - | 0.3 | |
swimming_pool | - | 0.1 | |
railway | station | name/brand | 1 |
subway_entrance | name/brand | 0.7 | |
tram_stop | name/brand | 0.6 | |
shop | * | name/brand | 0.8 |
tourism | artwork | artwork_type | 0.5 |
attraction | name/brand | 0.5 | |
gallery | name/brand | 0.1 | |
hotel | name/brand | 0.9 | |
information | - | 0.3 | |
museum | name/brand | 0.6 |
Type | Visibility | Position | Location | Uniqueness | Distance | Score | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | theatre | visible | before | left | 1 | 0.487 | 5.062 |
2 | restaurant | visible | after | right | 0.2 | 0.088 | 1.155 |
3 | pub | visible | before | right | 0.5 | 0.597 | 5.692 |
WP | Bing | Map Quest | Navigation Service | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2 | Walk south-east on Trg Stjepana Radića towards Ul. popa Marka Mesića | Leave Ulica Bana Ivana Karlovića towards Ulica Popa Marka Mesića | - | Turn left, following Trg Stjepana Radića. |
3 | - | Turn left, and then immediately turn left on to Ulica Vile Velebita | - | Continue forward, following bana Ivana Karlovića. |
4 | Turn left to stay on Trg Stjepana Radića | Turn left. | Turn left, following bana Ivana Karlovića. | |
5 | Turn left to stay on Trg Stjepana Radića | - | Turn left onto Trg Stjepana Radića. | Turn left, following Trg Stjepana Radića. |
6 | Turn right onto Ul. Nikole Tesle | Turn right on to Ulica Nikole Tesle | Turn right onto Ulica Nikole Tesle. | Turn right, following Ulica Nikole Tesle. |
7 | Turn right onto Ul. Dr. Franje Tudmana | Turn right on to Ž5154, and then immediately turn left on to D25/Budačka Ulica | Turn right onto 59082. | Turn right, following Ulica Nikole Tesle. |
8 | Turn left onto Budačka ul. | Turn left onto D25/D50/Budačka ulica. | Turn left, following Budačka ulica. | |
9 | - | - | - | Continue forward, following Budačka ulica. |
10 | - | - | - | Continue forward, following Budačka ulica. |
11 | Turn right | Turn right on to road | Turn right. | Turn right, following Budačka ulica. |
12 | - | Keep left on to road | - | Continue forward. |
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Rousell, A.; Zipf, A. Towards a Landmark-Based Pedestrian Navigation Service Using OSM Data. ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2017, 6, 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030064
Rousell A, Zipf A. Towards a Landmark-Based Pedestrian Navigation Service Using OSM Data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2017; 6(3):64. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030064
Chicago/Turabian StyleRousell, Adam, and Alexander Zipf. 2017. "Towards a Landmark-Based Pedestrian Navigation Service Using OSM Data" ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 6, no. 3: 64. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi6030064