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Article

Enhancing Osteoblastic Cell Cultures with Gelatin Methacryloyl, Bovine Lactoferrin, and Bioactive Mesoporous Glass Scaffolds Loaded with Distinct Parsley Extracts

by
Laura Isabel Arias-Rodríguez
1,
Jesús L. Pablos
2,
María Vallet-Regí
2,3,
Martha A. Rodríguez-Mendiola
1,
Carlos Arias-Castro
1,
Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo
2,3,* and
Antonio J. Salinas
2,3,*
1
Plant Biotechnology Laboratory, Instrumental Analysis Laboratory and Plant Biochemistry Laboratory of the National Technological Institute of Mexico Campus Tlajomulco, 10th km Tlajomulco Highway, Southern Metropolitan Circuit, Tlajomulco de Zúñiga 45640, Jalisco, Mexico
2
Department of Chemistry in Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Complutense University of Madrid (UCM).12 de Octubre Hospital Research Institute, Imas12, 28040 Madrid, Spain
3
Networking Research Center on Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, CIBER-BBN, 28040 Madrid, Spain
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2023, 13(12), 1764; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13121764
Submission received: 15 November 2023 / Revised: 5 December 2023 / Accepted: 6 December 2023 / Published: 9 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in 'Biological and Bio- Materials' Section)
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Abstract

The increasing interest in innovative solutions for addressing bone defects has driven research into the use of Bioactive Mesoporous Glasses (MBGs). These materials, distinguished by their well-ordered mesoporous structure, possess the capability to accommodate plant extracts with well-established osteogenic properties, including bovine lactoferrin (bLF), as part of their 3D scaffold composition. This harmonizes seamlessly with the ongoing advancements in the field of biomedicine. In this study, we fabricated 3D scaffolds utilizing MBGs loaded with extracts from parsley leaves (PL) and embryogenic cultures (EC), rich in bioactive compounds such as apigenin and kaempferol, which hold potential benefits for bone metabolism. Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMa) served as the polymer, and bLF was included in the formulation. Cytocompatibility, Runx2 gene expression, ALP enzyme activity, and biomineralization were assessed in preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell cultures. MBGs effectively integrated PL and EC extracts with loadings between 22.6 ± 0.1 and 43.6 ± 0.3 µM for PL and 26.3 ± 0.3 and 46.8 ± 0.4 µM for EC, ensuring cell viability through a release percentage between 28.3% and 59.9%. The incorporation of bLF in the 3D scaffold formulation showed significant differences compared to the control in all assays, even at concentrations below 0.2 µM. Combinations, especially PL + bLF at 0.19 µM, demonstrated additive potential, with superior biomineralization compared to EC. In summary, this study highlights the effectiveness of MBGs in incorporating PL and EC extracts, along with bLF, into 3D scaffolds. The results underscore cytocompatibility, osteogenic activity, and biomineralization, offering exciting potential for future in vivo applications.
Keywords: mesoporous bioactive glasses; bovine lactoferrin; embryogenic cultures; parsley; scaffolds mesoporous bioactive glasses; bovine lactoferrin; embryogenic cultures; parsley; scaffolds

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MDPI and ACS Style

Arias-Rodríguez, L.I.; Pablos, J.L.; Vallet-Regí, M.; Rodríguez-Mendiola, M.A.; Arias-Castro, C.; Sánchez-Salcedo, S.; Salinas, A.J. Enhancing Osteoblastic Cell Cultures with Gelatin Methacryloyl, Bovine Lactoferrin, and Bioactive Mesoporous Glass Scaffolds Loaded with Distinct Parsley Extracts. Biomolecules 2023, 13, 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13121764

AMA Style

Arias-Rodríguez LI, Pablos JL, Vallet-Regí M, Rodríguez-Mendiola MA, Arias-Castro C, Sánchez-Salcedo S, Salinas AJ. Enhancing Osteoblastic Cell Cultures with Gelatin Methacryloyl, Bovine Lactoferrin, and Bioactive Mesoporous Glass Scaffolds Loaded with Distinct Parsley Extracts. Biomolecules. 2023; 13(12):1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13121764

Chicago/Turabian Style

Arias-Rodríguez, Laura Isabel, Jesús L. Pablos, María Vallet-Regí, Martha A. Rodríguez-Mendiola, Carlos Arias-Castro, Sandra Sánchez-Salcedo, and Antonio J. Salinas. 2023. "Enhancing Osteoblastic Cell Cultures with Gelatin Methacryloyl, Bovine Lactoferrin, and Bioactive Mesoporous Glass Scaffolds Loaded with Distinct Parsley Extracts" Biomolecules 13, no. 12: 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13121764

APA Style

Arias-Rodríguez, L. I., Pablos, J. L., Vallet-Regí, M., Rodríguez-Mendiola, M. A., Arias-Castro, C., Sánchez-Salcedo, S., & Salinas, A. J. (2023). Enhancing Osteoblastic Cell Cultures with Gelatin Methacryloyl, Bovine Lactoferrin, and Bioactive Mesoporous Glass Scaffolds Loaded with Distinct Parsley Extracts. Biomolecules, 13(12), 1764. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom13121764

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