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Article

Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research

by
Vilém Zachleder
1,
Ivan N. Ivanov
1,2,
Veronika Kselíková
1,2,
Vitali Bialevich
1,
Milada Vítová
1,
Shuhei Ota
3,
Tsuyoshi Takeshita
4,
Shigeyuki Kawano
4 and
Kateřina Bišová
1,*
1
Laboratory of Cell Cycles of Algae, Centre Algatech, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 37981 Třeboň, Czech Republic
2
Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
3
Center for Environmental Biology and Ecosystem Studies, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506, Japan
4
The University of Tokyo Future Center Initiative, Wakashiba 178 4 4, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0871, Japan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biomolecules 2021, 11(6), 891; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060891
Submission received: 29 April 2021 / Revised: 3 June 2021 / Accepted: 5 June 2021 / Published: 15 June 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cell Cycle Regulation of Algae)
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Abstract

Multiple fission is a cell cycle variation leading to the production of more than two daughter cells. Here, we used synchronized cultures of the chlorococcal green alga Parachlorella kessleri to study its growth and pattern of cell division under varying light intensities. The time courses of DNA replication, nuclear and cellular division, cell size, total RNA, protein content, dry matter and accumulation of starch were observed at incident light intensities of 110, 250 and 500 µmol photons m−2s−1. Furthermore, we studied the effect of deuterated water on Parachlorella kessleri growth and division, to mimic the effect of stress. We describe a novel multiple fission cell cycle pattern characterized by multiple rounds of DNA replication leading to cell polyploidization. Once completed, multiple nuclear divisions were performed with each of them, immediately followed by protoplast fission, terminated by the formation of daughter cells. The multiple fission cell cycle was represented by several consecutive doublings of growth parameters, each leading to the start of a reproductive sequence. The number of growth doublings increased with increasing light intensity and led to division into more daughter cells. This study establishes the baseline for cell cycle research at the molecular level as well as for potential biotechnological applications, particularly directed synthesis of (deuterated) starch and/or neutral lipids as carbon and energy reserves.
Keywords: cell cycle pattern; energy reserves; growth processes; light intensity; Parachlorella kessleri; reproduction events; deuterium; deuterated starch; deuterated lipid cell cycle pattern; energy reserves; growth processes; light intensity; Parachlorella kessleri; reproduction events; deuterium; deuterated starch; deuterated lipid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zachleder, V.; Ivanov, I.N.; Kselíková, V.; Bialevich, V.; Vítová, M.; Ota, S.; Takeshita, T.; Kawano, S.; Bišová, K. Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research. Biomolecules 2021, 11, 891. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060891

AMA Style

Zachleder V, Ivanov IN, Kselíková V, Bialevich V, Vítová M, Ota S, Takeshita T, Kawano S, Bišová K. Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research. Biomolecules. 2021; 11(6):891. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060891

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zachleder, Vilém, Ivan N. Ivanov, Veronika Kselíková, Vitali Bialevich, Milada Vítová, Shuhei Ota, Tsuyoshi Takeshita, Shigeyuki Kawano, and Kateřina Bišová. 2021. "Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research" Biomolecules 11, no. 6: 891. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060891

APA Style

Zachleder, V., Ivanov, I. N., Kselíková, V., Bialevich, V., Vítová, M., Ota, S., Takeshita, T., Kawano, S., & Bišová, K. (2021). Characterization of Growth and Cell Cycle Events Affected by Light Intensity in the Green Alga Parachlorella kessleri: A New Model for Cell Cycle Research. Biomolecules, 11(6), 891. https://doi.org/10.3390/biom11060891

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