Electron Temperature Anisotropy Effects on Alpha/Proton Instability in the Solar Wind

In situ recordings by the solar Wind spacecraft reveal the ubiquitousness of alpha particles, whose drift velocities to the background proton $v_{\alpha }$ are generally less than or equal to the local Alfvén velocity $v_A$. The alpha beam instability plays a significant role in the alpha beam deceleration in the solar wind; nonetheless, the detailed mechanism of deceleration remains unclear. By using the linear Vlasov equation of the PDRK/B0 solver, the present work investigates the kinetic instability caused by both the alpha beam and the electron temperature anisotropy in the solar wind and assesses the effects of the electron temperature anisotropy on such instability. The results show that both anisotropic electrons and alpha beams lead to the excitation of several plasma waves, and the wave frequency, growth rate, and polarization properties are sensitive to the electron temperature anisotropy ($T_{e\perp }/T_{e\Vert }$), the parallel electron beta (${\beta }_{e\Vert }$), and the alpha beam drift velocity ($v_{\alpha }/v_A$). With an excess parallel temperature $T_{e\perp }/T_{e\Vert }<1$, the parallel magnetosonic/whistler (PM/W), parallel Alfvén wave (PAW), and oblique Alfvén/ion cyclotron (OA/IC) instabilities could be generated, while for an excess perpendicular temperature $T_{e\perp }/T_{e\Vert }>1$, the PM/W, OA/IC, parallel whistler (PW), and kinetic Alfvén wave (KAW) instabilities could grow. In the region of $T_{e\perp }/T_{e\Vert }<1$, the thresholds of the PM/W, PAW, and OA/IC instabilities extend to lower drift velocity $v_{\alpha }/v_A$. In the region of $T_{e\perp }/T_{e\Vert }>1$, the thresholds of the PM/W and OA/IC instabilities increase, while those of the PW and KAW instabilities are shifted to lower $v_{\alpha }/v_A$. The current study presents a comprehensive overview for alpha beam instabilities that limit the alpha beam drift velocity in the solar wind.