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Article

Unraveling the Association of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis with Vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional Study

by
Silvia Espina
1,2,3,
Diego Casas-Deza
1,2,3,
Vanesa Bernal-Monterde
1,2,3,
Ana Royo-Esteban
1,
Maria Pilar García-Sobreviela
2,3,
Pilar Calmarza
4,5,
Ana B. Martinez-Martinez
2,3,6,
Jesús Osada
3,7,8 and
Jose M. Arbones-Mainar
2,3,8,9,*
1
Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
2
Adipocyte and Fat Biology Laboratory (AdipoFat), Translational Research Unit, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
3
Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria (IIS) Aragon, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
4
Clinical Biochemistry Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
5
Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
6
Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
7
Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Veterinaria, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, CITA-Universidad de Zaragoza, 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
8
CIBER Fisiopatología Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERObn), Instituto Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
9
Instituto Aragones de Ciencias de la Salud (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Metabolites 2024, 14(11), 618; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110618
Submission received: 16 October 2024 / Revised: 31 October 2024 / Accepted: 8 November 2024 / Published: 12 November 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases)
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Abstract

Background: There are conflicting studies reporting both an increase and a decrease in vitamin B12 (VB12) levels in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we aimed to dissect the effects of steatosis and fibrosis on VB12. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including all patients with a vibration-controlled transient elastography (VCTE) performed at the Hospital Miguel Servet (Zaragoza, Spain) between 2019 and 2022 for a chronic liver disease and having a recent blood test for VB12 levels. Liver fibrosis was assessed by VCTE and hepatic steatosis by ultrasonography and/or through controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Results: 1195 patients (NAFLD n = 441, other chronic liver disease n = 754) were included. Median age was 57 years, 53% female. Patients with NAFLD had lower levels of VB12 compared to the rest of chronic liver diseases (289 vs. 313 pg/mL, p < 0.001). A significant negative correlation was observed between VB12 levels and hepatic steatosis measured by CAP (r = −0.13, p < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was observed between VB12 levels and liver stiffness in patients with NAFLD in both sexes (men r = 0.31, p < 0.001 and women r = 0.15, p = 0.016). A significant association between VB12 levels and liver fibrosis in cirrhosis stage was observed in patients with NAFLD (OR 1.06, 95% CI, 1.025–1.098, p = 0.001). Conclusion: VB12 levels were lower with greater hepatic steatosis. In NAFLD, VB12 levels were lower compared to other chronic liver diseases but their levels increased with higher liver stiffness and in cirrhosis stage.
Keywords: transient elastography; cirrhosis; NAFLD; fatty liver transient elastography; cirrhosis; NAFLD; fatty liver

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MDPI and ACS Style

Espina, S.; Casas-Deza, D.; Bernal-Monterde, V.; Royo-Esteban, A.; García-Sobreviela, M.P.; Calmarza, P.; Martinez-Martinez, A.B.; Osada, J.; Arbones-Mainar, J.M. Unraveling the Association of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis with Vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites 2024, 14, 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110618

AMA Style

Espina S, Casas-Deza D, Bernal-Monterde V, Royo-Esteban A, García-Sobreviela MP, Calmarza P, Martinez-Martinez AB, Osada J, Arbones-Mainar JM. Unraveling the Association of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis with Vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites. 2024; 14(11):618. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110618

Chicago/Turabian Style

Espina, Silvia, Diego Casas-Deza, Vanesa Bernal-Monterde, Ana Royo-Esteban, Maria Pilar García-Sobreviela, Pilar Calmarza, Ana B. Martinez-Martinez, Jesús Osada, and Jose M. Arbones-Mainar. 2024. "Unraveling the Association of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis with Vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional Study" Metabolites 14, no. 11: 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110618

APA Style

Espina, S., Casas-Deza, D., Bernal-Monterde, V., Royo-Esteban, A., García-Sobreviela, M. P., Calmarza, P., Martinez-Martinez, A. B., Osada, J., & Arbones-Mainar, J. M. (2024). Unraveling the Association of Liver Steatosis and Fibrosis with Vitamin B12: A Cross-Sectional Study. Metabolites, 14(11), 618. https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo14110618

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