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Volume 14
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Article

Highly Self-Isolated 12-MIMO Antenna Elements for 5G Mobile Applications

by
Fayad Ghawbar
1,
Jumadi A. Sukur
1,
Huda A. Majid
1,
Mohammed M. Bait-Suwailam
2,3,*,
Hassan Al-Lawati
2,
Abdulrahman A. G. Amer
4,
Faiz A. Saparudin
1 and
Aimi S. A. Ghafar
1
1
Faculty of Engineering Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Pagoh Campus, Panchor 84600, Johor, Malaysia
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
3
Communication and Information Research Center, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman
4
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM), Batu Pahat 86400, Johor, Malaysia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Electronics 2025, 14(7), 1424; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071424
Submission received: 2 February 2025 / Revised: 10 March 2025 / Accepted: 21 March 2025 / Published: 1 April 2025
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Abstract

This research introduces a compact, self-isolated, 12 × 12 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna array designed for 5G mobile applications, operating within the 3.5 GHz band (3.42–3.62 GHz). The array consists of two distinct sets of six antenna elements—inverted U-shaped and T-shaped structures, each incorporating two circular and I-shaped strips—arranged symmetrically within the smartphone chassis. Each antenna element measures 15 × 5 mm2 (0.17λo × 0.06λo), where λo represents the free-space wavelength at 3.5 GHz. These elements function simultaneously as radiators and isolators, achieving high isolation levels. Additionally, the 12-MIMO antenna elements, designed to be self-isolated, are fabricated on both sides of two compact FR-4 substrates, positioned orthogonally to the ground substrate. This perpendicular configuration augments the self-isolating mechanism. The scattering parameters (s-parameter) findings demonstrate significant decoupling measuring under −19 dB across neighboring 12-MIMO elements. Moreover, the MIMO performance metrics, including channel capacity loss (CCL), total active reflection coefficient (TARC), diversity gain (DG), and the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC), are presented to be below 0.08 bits/s/Hz, −10 dB, 9.97 dB, and 0.006 consecutively. The significant isolation and performance metrics results notably indicate that the presented 12-MIMO antenna system is well-suited for 5G communication systems.
Keywords: twelve antennas; high isolation; 5G; MIMO antenna; smartphone twelve antennas; high isolation; 5G; MIMO antenna; smartphone

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Ghawbar, F.; Sukur, J.A.; Majid, H.A.; Bait-Suwailam, M.M.; Al-Lawati, H.; Amer, A.A.G.; Saparudin, F.A.; Ghafar, A.S.A. Highly Self-Isolated 12-MIMO Antenna Elements for 5G Mobile Applications. Electronics 2025, 14, 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071424

AMA Style

Ghawbar F, Sukur JA, Majid HA, Bait-Suwailam MM, Al-Lawati H, Amer AAG, Saparudin FA, Ghafar ASA. Highly Self-Isolated 12-MIMO Antenna Elements for 5G Mobile Applications. Electronics. 2025; 14(7):1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071424

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ghawbar, Fayad, Jumadi A. Sukur, Huda A. Majid, Mohammed M. Bait-Suwailam, Hassan Al-Lawati, Abdulrahman A. G. Amer, Faiz A. Saparudin, and Aimi S. A. Ghafar. 2025. "Highly Self-Isolated 12-MIMO Antenna Elements for 5G Mobile Applications" Electronics 14, no. 7: 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071424

APA Style

Ghawbar, F., Sukur, J. A., Majid, H. A., Bait-Suwailam, M. M., Al-Lawati, H., Amer, A. A. G., Saparudin, F. A., & Ghafar, A. S. A. (2025). Highly Self-Isolated 12-MIMO Antenna Elements for 5G Mobile Applications. Electronics, 14(7), 1424. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14071424

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