A Method for Quantification of Penetration of Nanoparticles through Skin Layers Using Near-Infrared Optical Imaging
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Current affiliation and address: Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
Academic Editor: Lisa A. DeLouise
Cosmetics 2015, 2(3), 225-235; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2030225
Received: 2 May 2015
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Revised: 25 June 2015
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Accepted: 14 July 2015
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Published: 23 July 2015
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Cosmetics)
Our study presents a new method for tracking nanoparticle penetration through different layers of the skin using near-infrared dye-loaded nanoparticles (hydrodynamic diameter = 156 nm) and optical imaging. The dye-loaded nanoparticles were mixed in a topical skin cream, applied to human cadaver skin and incubated either for three or 24 h post-application, skin tissue was clipped between glass slides prior to imaging for signal intensity across the skin thickness using an optical imaging system. The data show that nanoparticles penetrate through all the layers of the skin but there is almost an exponential decay in the signal intensity from epidermis to dermis. Depending upon the incubation time, about 55%–59% of the total signal was seen in the epidermis and the remaining through dermis and hypodermis. The advantage of the method is that it allows quantitative analysis of the extent of penetration of nanoparticles through different layers of the skin without interference of any background signal from skin tissue, and without requiring extensive tissue processing. Our method could potentially be used to study the effect of nanoparticle properties and/or the use of different formulation additives on penetration of nanoparticles through different skin layers.
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Keywords:
transdermal; drug delivery; polymers; nanocarriers; proteins
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Stees, M.; Adjei, I.; Labhasetwar, V. A Method for Quantification of Penetration of Nanoparticles through Skin Layers Using Near-Infrared Optical Imaging. Cosmetics 2015, 2, 225-235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2030225
AMA Style
Stees M, Adjei I, Labhasetwar V. A Method for Quantification of Penetration of Nanoparticles through Skin Layers Using Near-Infrared Optical Imaging. Cosmetics. 2015; 2(3):225-235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2030225
Chicago/Turabian StyleStees, Melinda, Isaac Adjei, and Vinod Labhasetwar. 2015. "A Method for Quantification of Penetration of Nanoparticles through Skin Layers Using Near-Infrared Optical Imaging" Cosmetics 2, no. 3: 225-235. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics2030225
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