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Article

Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles

by
Lucy Mang Sung Thluai
1,2,
Varin Titapiwatanakun
1,2,
Warintorn Ruksiriwanich
3,4,5,
Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant
6 and
Romchat Chutoprapat
1,2,*
1
Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
2
Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10300, Thailand
3
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
4
Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
5
Lanna Rice Research Center, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
6
Innovative Natural Products from Thai Wisdoms (INPTW), Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Thanyaburi 12130, Thailand
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cosmetics 2023, 10(6), 148; https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060148
Submission received: 13 September 2023 / Revised: 8 October 2023 / Accepted: 11 October 2023 / Published: 25 October 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Cosmetic Sciences: Sustainability in Materials and Processes)

Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop effervescent cleansing tablets that can be dissolved and turned into liquid soap, which can be used for bathing or soaking the body. The asiatic-acid-loaded solid lipid microparticles (AASLMs) were prepared via the hot emulsification method followed by cold re-solidification and then freeze-dried to obtained dry powder. The physicochemical properties such as morphology and % entrapment efficiency (%EE) were evaluated. The results revealed that AASLMs have an irregular shape, and the %EE for the resulting AASLMs was 92.04 ± 3.43%. The tablets were manufactured via the direct compression technique. The compatibility test was conducted to ensure that the excipients are compatible with the active ingredient. The angle of repose, Carr’s index, and Hausner’s ratio were studied to evaluate the flowability of the powder blend before compression. The weight of each tablet was set to 1000 mg, and physicochemical characteristics, in vitro dissolution, ex vivo cleansing efficacy, and stability were evaluated. The results showed that the active ingredient was compatible with other excipients, as the results obtained from FTIR spectra indicated the absence of potential chemical interaction between the active ingredient and excipients used in this study. Additionally, all formulations had good flow properties. The effervescence times of selected formulations, F2 and F3, were <5 min, with favorable pH and hardness values. The friability values of all formulations exceeded 1% because the excipients used in effervescent tablets are very fragile. The release of asiatic acid (AA) from the tablets was dependent on the concentration of SLS. In an ex vivo test, it was discovered that the developed products F2 and F3 showed much more effective cleansing efficacy than water. Nevertheless, brown spots appeared in the tablets and the AA content was significantly decreased in both tested formulations after 3 months’ storage at 40 ± 2 °C/75% RH ± 5% RH. The stability study revealed that the developed products were not stable at high temperature and humidity. Therefore, it is recommended that the developed effervescent tablets are not stored at a high temperature.
Keywords: asiatic acid; solid lipid microparticles; cleansers; effervescent tablets asiatic acid; solid lipid microparticles; cleansers; effervescent tablets
Graphical Abstract

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mang Sung Thluai, L.; Titapiwatanakun, V.; Ruksiriwanich, W.; Boonpisuttinant, K.; Chutoprapat, R. Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles. Cosmetics 2023, 10, 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060148

AMA Style

Mang Sung Thluai L, Titapiwatanakun V, Ruksiriwanich W, Boonpisuttinant K, Chutoprapat R. Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles. Cosmetics. 2023; 10(6):148. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060148

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mang Sung Thluai, Lucy, Varin Titapiwatanakun, Warintorn Ruksiriwanich, Korawinwich Boonpisuttinant, and Romchat Chutoprapat. 2023. "Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles" Cosmetics 10, no. 6: 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060148

APA Style

Mang Sung Thluai, L., Titapiwatanakun, V., Ruksiriwanich, W., Boonpisuttinant, K., & Chutoprapat, R. (2023). Development of Effervescent Cleansing Tablets Containing Asiatic-Acid-Loaded Solid Lipid Microparticles. Cosmetics, 10(6), 148. https://doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics10060148

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