T Cells in Fish
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Identification of T Cell Populations in Fish
3. Development of T Cells and Thymus
Species, temperature in parenthesis | Formation of thymic rudiment | Appearance of small lymphocytes | Expression of T cell relevant genes in thymus | Differentiation of Cortex/Medulla | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rainbow trout(14°C) (8–15°C) | 5 days pre-hatch (stage 28 *1) | 3 dph (stage 32 *1) | cd8α: 1wpf tcrβ: 2 wpf | [28] [31] | |
Carp (22–25°C) Hatching occurs 2–3.5 days after fertilization | 2 dph (stage 27–31 *2) 3 dpf | 8 dph (stage 35–36 *2) 4 dpf (WCL9+ve cells) | rag1: 4 dpf | 4 wpf 1 wpf (rag1/WCL9) | [32] [22] [33] |
Zebrafish (27–28.5 °C) Hatching occurs 3 days after fertilization | 54–60 hpf | 7 dpf | ikaros, gata3, rag1, lck: 72 hpf 3.5dpf tcrα & rag1: 4 dpf | 6 wph (rag1 expression at peripheral thymus) | [34] [35] [25] |
Sea bass (15–16 °C) Hatching occurs 2 days after fertilization | 27 dph | 30 dph (DLT15+ve cells) | tcrβ: 25 dph cd4, cd8α: 51 dph | 75 dph (cd4 expression) | [36] [38,39] |
Rock fish (20 °C) Birth occurs 4 days after hatching | 10–12 dph | 21 dph | ND | 40 dph | [29] |
4. Distribution of T Cells in Tissues
4.1. Lymphoid Tissues (Thymus, Kidney, Spleen)
4.2. Mucosal Tissues (Intestine, Gill)
5. Function of Fish T Cells
5.1. In Vivo Studies
5.1.1. Transplantation Studies
5.1.2. GVHR(GVHD)
5.2. In Vitro, Ex Vivo Studies
5.2.1. Helper Function of CD4+ T Cells
5.2.2. Cytotoxicity of CD8+ T Cells
Specific-CMC against Allogeneic Cells and Tissues
Effector cells | Target cells | T-cell markers | Species | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
alloantigen specific cytotoxic T cell clone | Clonal allogeneic B cell line | TCRαβ | Channel catfish | [77] |
PBL from immunized fish | IPNV infected syngeneic cell line | Not identified | Ginbuna crucian carp | [78] |
alloantigen specific cytotoxic T cell clone | Clonal allogeneic B cell line | TCRαβ | Channel catfish | [73] |
Leukocytes from blood or kidney | CHNV infected syngeneic cell line | Not identified | Ginbuna crucian carp | [79] |
sIg− lymphocytes from PBL | Allogeneic erythrocytes, RTG-2 | TCRα and CD8α | Rainbow trout | [74] |
Cytotoxic lymphocytes generated by MLC | Allogeneic cell lines | TCRβ and CD8α | Ginbuna crucian carp | [76] |
Leukocytes from anally immunized fish | Allogeneic cell lines (EPC, KG) | Not identified | Carp | [80] |
sIg− lymphocytes from kidney | CHNV infected syngeneic cell line | TCRβ and CD8α | Ginbuna crucian carp | [71] |
PBL from virus- infected fish | VHSV infected RTG-2 | CD8α | Rainbow trout | [81] |
PBL from viral DNA immunized trout | VHSV & IHNV infected RTG-2 | CD8α | Rainbow trout | [82] |
Separated CD8α+ T cells by mAb | Allogeneic cell lines | TCRβ and CD8α | Ginbuna crucian carp | [10] |
Cytotoxic lymphocytes generated by MLC | CHNV infected syngeneic cell line | TCRβ and CD8α | Ginbuna crucian carp | [83] |
PBL from orally immunized fish | CHNV infected syngeneic cell line | TCRβ and CD8α | Ginbuna crucian carp | [84] |
Separated CD8α+ PBL from NNV sensitized fish by antiserum | NNV infected autologous and allogeneic fin cells | CD8α | Orange-spotted grouper | [85] |
Separated CD8α+ T cells by mAb | GFP-labeled E. tarda phagocytizing leukocytes | CD8α | Ginbuna crucian carp | [86] |
Specific-CMC against Virus-Infected Cells
Specific-CMC against Cell-Associated Bacteria
5.2.3. Killing Mechanisms of CTLs
5.2.4. Direct Antibacterial Activity of Lymphocytes
6. Future Directions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Nakanishi, T.; Shibasaki, Y.; Matsuura, Y. T Cells in Fish. Biology 2015, 4, 640-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040640
Nakanishi T, Shibasaki Y, Matsuura Y. T Cells in Fish. Biology. 2015; 4(4):640-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040640
Chicago/Turabian StyleNakanishi, Teruyuki, Yasuhiro Shibasaki, and Yuta Matsuura. 2015. "T Cells in Fish" Biology 4, no. 4: 640-663. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040640