Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. β-Defensins
2.1. Gene and Protein Structure, Expression and Function
2.2. Regulation of Defensins by Pathogens/Exogenous Factors
2.3. Modulation of Immunity by Defensins
3. Cathelicidins
3.1. Gene and Protein Structure, Expression and Function
3.2. Regulation of Cathelicidins by Pathogens/Exogenous Factors
3.3. Modulation of Immunity by Cathelicidins
4. Piscidins
4.1. Gene and Protein Structure, Expression and Function
4.2. Regulation of Piscidins by Pathogens/Exogenous Factors
4.3. Modulation of Immunity by Piscidins
5. Hepcidins
5.1. Gene and Protein Structure, Expression and Function
5.2. Regulation of Hepcidin by Pathogens/Exogenous Factors
5.3. Modulation of Immunity by Hepcidin
6. Histone-Derived Peptides
Pathogen | β-Defensin | Cathelicidin | Piscidin | Hepcidin | Histone-Derived |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aeromonas hydrophilia | [ ] eye, gill, skin, spleen (Paramisgurnus dabryanus) [10] | ||||
Aeromonas salmonicida | [ ] spleen, gill, head kidney (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [27,32] [ ] CHSE-214 cells (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) [30] [ ] spleen, head kidney, gill, liver (Gadus morhua) [24,34,38,162] [ ] liver, pyloric caeca, intestine, gills (Gadus morhua [24] [ ] skin, liver, pyloric caeca, intestine, gills, heart, muscle (Salvelinus alpinus) [24] | [ ] head kidney, spleen (Gadus morhua) [45] | [ ] liver, spleen, intestine, kidney, muscle, stomach esophagus (Salmo salar, L.) [112,163] [ ] intestine, head kidney (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [113,164] [ ] liver (hybrid striped bass) [142] [ ] internal organs (Danio rerio) [148] [ ] head kidney, spleen (Gadus morhua) [38] | ||
Escherichia coli | [ ] CHSE-214 cells (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) [30] | [ ] spleen, head kidney, gill, intestine, liver (Chrysophrys major) [123] [ ] RTS11 macrophage cell line (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [165] [ ] liver, kidney, spleen, intestine (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [120] | |||
Edwardsiella ictaluri | [ ] spleen, kidney (Ictalurus punctatus) [106] [ ] spleen, liver, intestine (Ictalurus punctatus) [107,134,135] | ||||
Edwardsiella tarda | [ ]head kidney (Paralichthys olivaceus) [17] [ ]intestine (Danio rerio) [9] | [ ]spleen, [ ] kidney (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [48] | [ ] PBLs (Paralichthys olivaceus) [166] [ ] liver, kidney, spleen, intestine (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [120] | ||
LPS | [ ] eye (Oryzias latipes) [11] [ ] spleen, liver (Epinephelus coioides) [18] | [ ] head kidney leukocytes, head kidney, gut (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [27,33] [ ] CHSE-214 (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) [30] | [ ] brain, heart, gill, kidney, pronephros, skin, spleen, intestine (Siniperca chuatsi) [43] [ ] head kidney leukocytes (Chionodraco hamatus) [47] [ ] head kidney, intestine, skin (Epinephelus coioides) [66] | [ ] liver, spleen, head kidney, gill (Paralichthys olivaceus) [114,133] [ ] liver, intestine, kidney, (Oreochromis mossambicus) [117] [ ] head kidney leukocytes (Sparus aurata)[128] [ ] spleen, heart, stomach, kidney, liver (Pseudosciaena crocea)[105] [ ] liver, kidney (Lates calcarifer) [116] [ ] liver (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [167] [ ] liver, stomach, heart, intestine, gill, muscle (Amatitlania nigrofasciata) [168] | [ ] mucus (Oncorhynchus kisutch) [85] |
Photobacterim damselae | [ ] liver (Dicentrarchus labrax) [121] | ||||
Pseudomonas aeruginosa | [ ] CHSE-214 cells (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) [36] | ||||
Vibrio anguillarum | [ ] spleen, gills, skin, foregut, hindgut (Cyprinus carpio) [14] [ ] head kidney (Gadus morhua) [8] | [ ] CHSE-214 cells (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) [30,36] [ ] liver, spleen, head kidney, gill, intestine, muscle (Plecoglossus altivelis) [28] | [ ] skin, gills, [ ] head kidney (Dicentrarchus labrax) [90] | [ ] liver (O. mykiss) [149] [ ] liver, spleen (Scophthalmus maximus) [124] [ ] liver, spleen, peritoneal leukocytes (Sparus aurata)[128] [ ] liver, head kidney, peritoneum (Gadus morhua L.)[125] [ ] liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [120] [ ] liver, kidney, spleen, intestine, skin (Cyprinus carpio L.) [131,169] | [ ] gills (Dicentrarchus labrax) [90] |
Yersinia ruckeri | [ ] intestine, gill (Oncorhynchus mykiss[16] | [ ] CHSE-214 cells (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha) [ ] gill, spleen (Salmo salar) [30,31] [ ] fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [170] |
Pathogen | β-Defensin | Cathelicidin | Piscidin | Hepcidin | Histone-Derived |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lactococcus garvieae | [ ] liver, kidney, spleen, intestine (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [120] | ||||
Staphylococcus aureus | [ ] internal organs (Danio rerio) [148] | ||||
Streptococcus agalactiae | [ ] skin, muscle, kidney, gill (Oreochromis niloticus) [20] | ||||
Streptococcus iniae | [ ]kidney, spleen, gill (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [48] | [ ] liver, skin, gill, intestine, spleen, kidney, blood (Morone saxatilis) [108], [ ] abdominal organs (Danio rerio) [109] [ ] liver (hybrid striped bass) [142] [ ] kidney, gill, spleen, brain, liver, skin (Sebastes schlegelii) [115] [ ] liver, kidney, spleen, intestine (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [120] |
Pathogen | β-Defensin | Cathelicidin | Piscidin | Hepcidin | Histone-Derived |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cyprinid herpesvirus-3 | [ ] skin (Cyprinus carpio) [22] | ||||
Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus | [ ] RTS11 macrophage cell line (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [165] | ||||
Lymphocystis iridovirus | [ ] acidophilic granulocytes (Sparus aurata) [93] | ||||
Nodavirus (VNNV) | [ ] gonad, brain (Dicentrarchus labrax) [171] | ||||
Poly I:C | [ ] head kidney leuckocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [16] [ ] spleen, liver (Epinephelus coioides) [18] | [ ] head kidney leukocytes (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [27] | [ ] head kidney leukocytes (Chionodraco hamatus) [47] [ ] head kidney, intestine, skin (Epinephelus coioides) [66] | [ ] spleen (Pseudosciaena crocea) [121] [ ] undisclosed tissue, (Oreochromis mossambicus) [117] [ ] RTS11 macrophage cell line, spleen (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [165] [ ] head kidney leukocytes (Sparus aurata)[128] | |
Red seabream iridovirus (RSIV) | [ ]spleen, kidney (Oplegnathus fasciatus) [48] | ||||
Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) | [ ] spleen, liver (Epinephelus coioides) [18] | ||||
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus | [ ] liver, head kidney, spleen (Sparus aurata)[128] |
Pathogen | β-Defensin | Cathelicidin | Piscidin | Hepcidin | Histone-Derived |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Acanthocephalus lucii | [ ] intestine mast cells (Perca fluviatilis)[92] | ||||
Chondracanthus goldsmidi | [ ] gills (Latris lineata) [51] | ||||
Cryptocaryon irritans | [ ] gills, skin, spleen, head kidney, liver, intestine (Pseudosciaena crocea) [49] | [ ] liver, kidney (Lates calcarifer)[172] | |||
Ergasilus sp. | [ ] gill mast cells (Sparus aurata) [94] | ||||
Ichthyobodo necator | [ ] skin (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [173] | ||||
Ichthyophthirius multifiliis | [ ] larvae (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [118,174] | [ ] larvae (Oncorhynchus mykiss) [118] |
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Katzenback, B.A. Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts. Biology 2015, 4, 607-639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040607
Katzenback BA. Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts. Biology. 2015; 4(4):607-639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040607
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatzenback, Barbara A. 2015. "Antimicrobial Peptides as Mediators of Innate Immunity in Teleosts" Biology 4, no. 4: 607-639. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology4040607