Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells Homing and Differentiation on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blended with 20% Tricalcium Phosphate and Polylactic Acid Incorporating 10% Hydroxyapatite 3D-Printed Scaffolds via a Commercial Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Device
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Sample Design and 3D Printing
2.1.1. Statical Mechanical Tests (3 Points Bending Test Zwick Roell)
- F: Is the load at the bar center
- L: Is the distance between the two lower supports
- w: Is the width of the specimen
- h: Is the thickness of the specimen
2.1.2. Microscopic Morphological Analysis
2.2. MSC Collection and Cultures
MSC Growth and Adhesion onto 3D Substrates
2.3. Cytokines and Chemokines Assay
MSC Differentiation
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. 3D Printing
Statical Mechanical Tests—3 Points Bending Test Zwick Roell
3.2. Microscopic Analysis
3.2.1. MSC Adhesion and Expansion on the Substrates
3.2.2. MSC Differentiation in Osteoblasts
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Ef | σfC | σfM | εfM | σfB | εffB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPa | MPa | MPa | % | MPa | % | |
PLLA P 1 | 1729.06 | 48.06 | 48.29 | 4.89 | 28.58 | 6.11 |
PLLA P 2 | 1667.91 | 47.39 | 47.51 | 4.75 | 28.42 | 5.96 |
PLLA P 3 | 1667.23 | 46.64 | 46.68 | 4.64 | 27.85 | 5.64 |
PLLA P 4 | 1623.66 | 44.07 | 44.09 | 4.50 | 44.09 | 4.50 |
PLLA P 5 | 1573.16 | 43.31 | 43.38 | 4.69 | 26.02 | 5.50 |
Mean PLLA | 1642.91 | 45.65 | 45.74 | 4.69 | 30.27 | 5.53 |
SD_s PLLA | 56.62 | 1.96 | 2.02 | 0.13 | 6.84 | 0.56 |
Ef | σfC | σfM | εfM | σfB | εffB | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MPa | MPa | MPa | % | MPa | % | |
PLLA P 1 S | 1656.86 | 42.74 | 42.83 | 4.82 | - | - |
PLLA P 2 S | 1667.39 | 43.11 | 43.25 | 4.87 | - | - |
PLLA P 3 S | 1749.36 | 44.62 | 44.72 | 4.77 | - | - |
PLLA P 4 S | 1702.16 | 42.54 | 42.80 | 4.92 | 25.66 | 9.93 |
PLLA P 5 S | 1589.17 | 41.30 | 41.30 | 4.46 | - | - |
Mean PLLA S | 1655.62 | 42.46 | 42.56 | 4.71 | 24.97 | 9.73 |
SD_s PLLA S | 67.89 | 1.45 | 1.50 | 0.22 | 0.98 | 0.71 |
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De Angelis, N.; Amaroli, A.; Lagazzo, A.; Barberis, F.; Zarro, P.R.; Cappelli, A.; Sabbieti, M.G.; Agas, D. Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells Homing and Differentiation on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blended with 20% Tricalcium Phosphate and Polylactic Acid Incorporating 10% Hydroxyapatite 3D-Printed Scaffolds via a Commercial Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Device. Biology 2023, 12, 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121474
De Angelis N, Amaroli A, Lagazzo A, Barberis F, Zarro PR, Cappelli A, Sabbieti MG, Agas D. Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells Homing and Differentiation on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blended with 20% Tricalcium Phosphate and Polylactic Acid Incorporating 10% Hydroxyapatite 3D-Printed Scaffolds via a Commercial Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Device. Biology. 2023; 12(12):1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121474
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Angelis, Nicola, Andrea Amaroli, Alberto Lagazzo, Fabrizio Barberis, Pier Raffaele Zarro, Alessia Cappelli, Maria Giovanna Sabbieti, and Dimitrios Agas. 2023. "Multipotent Mesenchymal Cells Homing and Differentiation on Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blended with 20% Tricalcium Phosphate and Polylactic Acid Incorporating 10% Hydroxyapatite 3D-Printed Scaffolds via a Commercial Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Device" Biology 12, no. 12: 1474. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12121474