Lactobacillus Sps in Reducing the Risk of Diabetes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Inhibiting Key Digestive Enzymes Associated with Diabetes
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Culture of Bacterial Strains
2.2. Preparation of SEL
2.3. α-Amylase Inhibition
2.4. α-Glucosidase Inhibition
2.5. Animal Model and Diet
2.6. Bodyweight and Glucose Measurement
2.7. DNA Extraction from Fecal Pellets
2.8. Microbiome Analysis Using 16S rRNA Gene Target Primers with RT qPCR
2.9. Primers Efficiencies
2.10. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Enzyme Inhibition Assays
3.2. Bodyweight and Glucose Level
3.3. Gut Microbiota Composition at the Phylum Level
3.4. Microbiota Composition at the Genus Level
3.5. Microbiota Composition at the Genus Level into Graph Arrangements
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Product Ingredients | g% | kcal% |
---|---|---|
Protein | 24 | 20 |
Carbohydrate | 41 | 35 |
Fat | 24 | 45 |
Total | 89 | 100 |
kcal/g | 4.73 | |
Casein, 30 Mesh | 200 | 800 |
L-Cystine | 3 | 12 |
Corn Starch | 72.82 | 91 |
Maltodextrin 10 | 100 | 400 |
Sucrose | 172.8 | 691 |
Cellulose, BW 200 | 50 | 0 |
Soybean Oil | 25 | 225 |
Lard | 177.5 | 1598 |
Mineral Mix S10026 | 10 | 0 |
DiCalcium Phosphate | 13 | 0 |
Calcium Carbonate | 5.5 | 0 |
Potassium Citrate, 1 H2O | 16.5 | 0 |
Vitamin Mix V10001 | 10 | 40 |
Choline Bitartrate | 2 | 0 |
FD&C Red Dye #40 | 0.05 | 0 |
FD&C Blue Dye #1 | 0 | 0 |
FD&C Yellow Dye #5 | 0 | 0 |
Total | 858.15 | 4057 |
Target Primers | Sequence (5-3) | Tm (°C) | References |
---|---|---|---|
Bacteroidetes | (F) GGARCATGTGGTTTAATTCGATGAT | ||
(R) AGCTGACGACAACCATGCAG | 58 | [40] | |
Firmicutes | (F) GGAGYATGTGGTTTAATTCGAAGCA5 | ||
(R) AGCTGACGACAACCATGCAC | 59.7 | [40] | |
Actinobacteria | (F) TGTAGCGGTGGAATGCGC | ||
(R) AATTAAGCCACATGCTCCGCT | 58.2 | [41] | |
Verrucomicrobia | (F) TCAKGTCAGTATGGCCCTTAT | ||
(R) CAGTTTTYAGGATTTCCTCCGCC | 55.9 | [41] | |
Tenericutes | (F) ATGTGTAGCGGTAAAATGCGTAA | ||
(R) CMTACTTGCGTACGTACTACT | 57 | [41] | |
Deferribacteres | (F) CTATTTCCAGTTGCTAACGG | ||
(R) GAGHTGCTTCCCTCTGATTATG | 55.2 | [41] | |
Proteobacteria | (F) CATTGACGTTACCCGCAGAAGAAGC | ||
(R) CTCTACGAGACTCAAGCTTGC | 59.8 | [42] | |
Lactobacillus | (F) AGCAGTAGGGAATCTTCCA | ||
(R) CACCGCTACACATGGAG | 54.5 | [43] | |
Bacteroides | (F) CGATGGATAGGGGTTCTGAGAGGA | ||
(R) GCTGGCACGGAGTTAGCCGA | 54.5 | [44] | |
Prevotella | (F) CACCAAGGCGACGATCA | ||
(R) GGATAACGCCYGGACCT | 55.1 | [45] | |
Bifidobacteria | (F) GCGTGCTTAACACATGCAAGTC | ||
(R) CACCCGTTTCCAGGAGCTATT | 60.2 | [46] | |
Desulfovibrio | (F) CCGTAGATATCTGGAGGAACATCAG | ||
(R) ACATCTAGCATCCATCGTTTACAGC | 62.9 | [47] | |
Clostridium | (F) AAATGACGGTACCTGACTAA | ||
(R) CTTTGAGTTTCATTCTTGCGAA | 53.2 | [48] | |
Universal | (F) AAACTCAAAKGAATTGACGG | ||
(R) CTCACRRCACGAGCTGAC | 51.1 | [49] |
Target Primers | Efficiency (%) |
---|---|
Bacteroidetes | 101.7 |
Firmicutes | 100.5 |
Actinobacteria | 101.3 |
Verrucomicrobia | 95.2 |
Tenericute | 105.3 |
Deferribacteres | 97 |
Proteobacteria | 101.7 |
Lactobacillus | 93.4 |
Bacteroides | 104.4 |
Prevotella | 101.7 |
Bifidobacteria | 101.7 |
Desulfovibrio | 93.4 |
Clostridium | 94.9 |
Universal | 91.6 |
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Gulnaz, A.; Nadeem, J.; Han, J.-H.; Lew, L.-C.; Son, J.-D.; Park, Y.-H.; Rather, I.A.; Hor, Y.-Y. Lactobacillus Sps in Reducing the Risk of Diabetes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Inhibiting Key Digestive Enzymes Associated with Diabetes. Biology 2021, 10, 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040348
Gulnaz A, Nadeem J, Han J-H, Lew L-C, Son J-D, Park Y-H, Rather IA, Hor Y-Y. Lactobacillus Sps in Reducing the Risk of Diabetes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Inhibiting Key Digestive Enzymes Associated with Diabetes. Biology. 2021; 10(4):348. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040348
Chicago/Turabian StyleGulnaz, Aneela, Jawad Nadeem, Jong-Hun Han, Lee-Ching Lew, Jae-Dong Son, Yong-Ha Park, Irfan A. Rather, and Yan-Yan Hor. 2021. "Lactobacillus Sps in Reducing the Risk of Diabetes in High-Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Mice by Modulating the Gut Microbiome and Inhibiting Key Digestive Enzymes Associated with Diabetes" Biology 10, no. 4: 348. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology10040348