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Volume 16
Issue 9
10.3390/coatings16091017
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Article

Icing and Adhesive Characteristics of NACA0018 Airfoils with Different Materials Under Atmospheric Icing Conditions

by
Xingchang Zhuo
1,†,
Yichen Rong
1,†,
Baisheng Liu
2,
Juan Ding
3,
Yingwei Zhang
1,*,
Wenfeng Guo
1,* and
Guoan Hou
1
1
College of Agricultural Equipment and Energy Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
2
ZhaoDong HuaNeng Thermal Power Co., Ltd., Suihua 152000, China
3
College of Intelligent Manufacturing Engineering, Harbin Huade University, Harbin 150025, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Coatings 2026, 16(9), 1017; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16091017
Submission received: 21 July 2026 / Revised: 18 August 2026 / Accepted: 25 August 2026 / Published: 26 August 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Anti/De-Icing Surfaces and Coatings)
Review Reports Versions Notes

Abstract

In cold and humid regions, icing events often occur on wind turbines. The phenomenon changes the profile of the aerodynamic airfoil and reduces the power generation efficiency of wind turbines. In the present study, icing tests were conducted in an icing wind tunnel based on NACA0018 airfoils made of fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) and aluminum alloy to investigate the effects of material type and wind speed on the characteristics of icing, including the icing area, the thickness of ice and the adhesive strength of ice. The experimental results indicated that the types of ice on the FRP airfoil and aluminum alloy airfoil were mixed ice and rime ice, respectively. The icing area increased linearly with icing time. The aluminum-alloy airfoil exhibited greater ice accretion at 6 and 10 m/s, whereas the FRP airfoil showed greater ice accretion and a broader ice-covered region at 14 m/s. The FRP airfoil also had a higher adhesive strength. The research in the present study provided an experimental foundation for anti- and de-icing technology development of wind turbine blades.
Keywords: wind turbine; icing characteristic; adhesive strength; fiber reinforced plastics; aluminum alloy wind turbine; icing characteristic; adhesive strength; fiber reinforced plastics; aluminum alloy

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MDPI and ACS Style

Zhuo, X.; Rong, Y.; Liu, B.; Ding, J.; Zhang, Y.; Guo, W.; Hou, G. Icing and Adhesive Characteristics of NACA0018 Airfoils with Different Materials Under Atmospheric Icing Conditions. Coatings 2026, 16, 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16091017

AMA Style

Zhuo X, Rong Y, Liu B, Ding J, Zhang Y, Guo W, Hou G. Icing and Adhesive Characteristics of NACA0018 Airfoils with Different Materials Under Atmospheric Icing Conditions. Coatings. 2026; 16(9):1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16091017

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zhuo, Xingchang, Yichen Rong, Baisheng Liu, Juan Ding, Yingwei Zhang, Wenfeng Guo, and Guoan Hou. 2026. "Icing and Adhesive Characteristics of NACA0018 Airfoils with Different Materials Under Atmospheric Icing Conditions" Coatings 16, no. 9: 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16091017

APA Style

Zhuo, X., Rong, Y., Liu, B., Ding, J., Zhang, Y., Guo, W., & Hou, G. (2026). Icing and Adhesive Characteristics of NACA0018 Airfoils with Different Materials Under Atmospheric Icing Conditions. Coatings, 16(9), 1017. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings16091017

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