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Volume 13
Issue 8
10.3390/coatings13081324
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Article

Production and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Surfaces against Uropathogens

by
Samuel Belo
1,2,†,
Francisca Sousa-Cardoso
1,2,†,
Rita Teixeira-Santos
1,2,
Luciana C. Gomes
1,2,
Rita Vieira
1,2,
Jelmer Sjollema
3,
Olívia S. G. P. Soares
2,4 and
Filipe J. Mergulhão
1,2,*
1
LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
2
ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
3
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University Medical Centre Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
4
LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering-Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Coatings 2023, 13(8), 1324; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081324
Submission received: 29 May 2023 / Revised: 19 July 2023 / Accepted: 24 July 2023 / Published: 28 July 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Antibacterial and Antivirus Materials and Coatings: From Fundamentals to Application)
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Abstract

Graphene and its functionalized derivatives have been increasingly applied in the biomedical field, particularly in the production of antimicrobial and anti-adhesive surfaces. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of graphene oxide (GO)/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composites against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms. GO/PDMS composites containing different GO loadings (1, 3, and 5 wt.%) were synthesized and characterized regarding their morphology, roughness, and hydrophobicity, and tested for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation under conditions that mimic urinary tract environments. Biofilm formation was assessed by determining the number of total and culturable cells. Additionally, the antibacterial mechanisms of action of GO were investigated for the tested uropathogens. Results indicated that the surfaces containing GO had greater roughness and increased hydrophobicity than PDMS. Biofilm analysis showed that the 1 wt.% GO/PDMS composite was the most effective in reducing S. aureus biofilm formation. In opposition, P. aeruginosa biofilms were not inhibited by any of the synthesized composites. Furthermore, 1% (w/v) GO increased the membrane permeability, metabolic activity, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis in S. aureus. Altogether, these results suggest that GO/PDMS composites are promising materials for application in urinary catheters, although further investigation is required.
Keywords: graphene oxide; polydimethylsiloxane; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; urinary catheters graphene oxide; polydimethylsiloxane; Staphylococcus aureus; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; urinary catheters
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MDPI and ACS Style

Belo, S.; Sousa-Cardoso, F.; Teixeira-Santos, R.; Gomes, L.C.; Vieira, R.; Sjollema, J.; Soares, O.S.G.P.; Mergulhão, F.J. Production and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Surfaces against Uropathogens. Coatings 2023, 13, 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081324

AMA Style

Belo S, Sousa-Cardoso F, Teixeira-Santos R, Gomes LC, Vieira R, Sjollema J, Soares OSGP, Mergulhão FJ. Production and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Surfaces against Uropathogens. Coatings. 2023; 13(8):1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081324

Chicago/Turabian Style

Belo, Samuel, Francisca Sousa-Cardoso, Rita Teixeira-Santos, Luciana C. Gomes, Rita Vieira, Jelmer Sjollema, Olívia S. G. P. Soares, and Filipe J. Mergulhão. 2023. "Production and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Surfaces against Uropathogens" Coatings 13, no. 8: 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081324

APA Style

Belo, S., Sousa-Cardoso, F., Teixeira-Santos, R., Gomes, L. C., Vieira, R., Sjollema, J., Soares, O. S. G. P., & Mergulhão, F. J. (2023). Production and Characterization of Graphene Oxide Surfaces against Uropathogens. Coatings, 13(8), 1324. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings13081324

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