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Antibiotics
Volume 14
Issue 5
10.3390/antibiotics14050456
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Article

Correlation Between Blood Culture Time to Positivity and Vegetation Size in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis

by
Sebastian D. Santos-Patarroyo
1,2,*,
Juan A. Quintero-Martinez
1,3,
Brian D. Lahr
4,
Supavit Chesdachai
1,
Omar Abu Saleh
1,
Hector I. Michelena
5,
Hector R. Villarraga
5,
Daniel C. DeSimone
1,5 and
Larry M. Baddour
1,5,*
1
Division of Public Health, Infectious Diseases and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
2
Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Jackson Memorial Hospital, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
4
Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
5
Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antibiotics 2025, 14(5), 456; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050456
Submission received: 10 March 2025 / Revised: 22 April 2025 / Accepted: 28 April 2025 / Published: 30 April 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Infective Endocarditis Research: From Bench to Bedside)
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Abstract

Background: The relationship between vegetation characteristics in Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) and blood culture time to positivity (TTP) has not been investigated. This study evaluates the correlation between vegetation length and TTP in patients with S. aureus IE. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted that included 164 definite cases S. aureus IE. Vegetation length was determined by transesophageal echocardiography (TEE), and TTP was measured in hours from the initial time of blood culture incubation to positivity. Correlations between vegetation characteristics and TTP were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. Results: A modest but statistically significant negative correlation was observed between vegetation length and TTP (Spearman ρ = −0.18, p = 0.020), suggesting that larger vegetations were associated with shorter TTP. No significant correlations were found for other vegetation characteristics (e.g., vegetation mobility, location, or number) and TTP. Conclusions: Larger vegetation size in S. aureus IE was associated with shorter TTP. These findings highlight the importance of vegetation size in the pathophysiology of S. aureus IE and its role in bacteremia dynamics.
Keywords: infective endocarditis; vegetation; length; echocardiography; blood culture; time to positivity; Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis; vegetation; length; echocardiography; blood culture; time to positivity; Staphylococcus aureus

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MDPI and ACS Style

Santos-Patarroyo, S.D.; Quintero-Martinez, J.A.; Lahr, B.D.; Chesdachai, S.; Abu Saleh, O.; Michelena, H.I.; Villarraga, H.R.; DeSimone, D.C.; Baddour, L.M. Correlation Between Blood Culture Time to Positivity and Vegetation Size in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis. Antibiotics 2025, 14, 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050456

AMA Style

Santos-Patarroyo SD, Quintero-Martinez JA, Lahr BD, Chesdachai S, Abu Saleh O, Michelena HI, Villarraga HR, DeSimone DC, Baddour LM. Correlation Between Blood Culture Time to Positivity and Vegetation Size in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis. Antibiotics. 2025; 14(5):456. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050456

Chicago/Turabian Style

Santos-Patarroyo, Sebastian D., Juan A. Quintero-Martinez, Brian D. Lahr, Supavit Chesdachai, Omar Abu Saleh, Hector I. Michelena, Hector R. Villarraga, Daniel C. DeSimone, and Larry M. Baddour. 2025. "Correlation Between Blood Culture Time to Positivity and Vegetation Size in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis" Antibiotics 14, no. 5: 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050456

APA Style

Santos-Patarroyo, S. D., Quintero-Martinez, J. A., Lahr, B. D., Chesdachai, S., Abu Saleh, O., Michelena, H. I., Villarraga, H. R., DeSimone, D. C., & Baddour, L. M. (2025). Correlation Between Blood Culture Time to Positivity and Vegetation Size in Staphylococcus aureus Infective Endocarditis. Antibiotics, 14(5), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14050456

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