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Biosensors
Volume 15
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10.3390/bios15080526
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Article

Fumonisin B Determination in Maize Products from Belize Using an Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes

by
Beatriz Pérez-Fernández
1,2,
Britt Marianna Maestroni
2,
Carlotta Cozzani
2,
Colette Eusey
3,
Natalie Gibson
3,
Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz
1,4,* and
Christina Vlachou
2
1
NanoBioAnalysis Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Julián Clavería 8, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
2
Food Safety and Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramerstrasse 5, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
3
Belize Agriculture Health Authority, Central Investigation Laboratory, Belize City, Belize
4
Biotechnology Institute of Asturias, University of Oviedo, Santiago Gascon Building, 33006 Oviedo, Spain
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2025, 15(8), 526; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080526
Submission received: 17 June 2025 / Revised: 30 July 2025 / Accepted: 7 August 2025 / Published: 12 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Applications of Cutting-Edge Biosensors in Environment, Food and Healthcare Field)
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Abstract

A competitive electrochemical immunosensor, using screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs), was developed for the determination of total fumonisins (sum of FB1, FB2 and FB3) extracted with a simple solvent extraction and dilution method, without clean up, from maize flour and maize tortillas. The optimized biosensor has a linear range of 0.25 to 50 µg/L with 3% and 2% reproducibility for FB1 and (FB1 + FB2), respectively, and a linear range of 0.25 to 10 µg/L with 2% reproducibility for (FB1 + FB2 + FB3). The limits of detection and quantification in PBS buffer for total fumonisins are 0.12 µg/L and 0.39 µg/L, respectively. These values in the maize matrix are 6.07 µg/kg and 20.25 µg/kg, respectively. In addition, the stability and the selectivity of the sensor were studied. The immunosensor was validated with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. This novel biosensor is more rapid, simpler and cheaper than current methods, and can also be used at the point of need.
Keywords: biosensor; fumonisin B; screen-printed carbon electrodes; point-of-need/use biosensor; fumonisin B; screen-printed carbon electrodes; point-of-need/use

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MDPI and ACS Style

Pérez-Fernández, B.; Maestroni, B.M.; Cozzani, C.; Eusey, C.; Gibson, N.; de la Escosura-Muñiz, A.; Vlachou, C. Fumonisin B Determination in Maize Products from Belize Using an Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. Biosensors 2025, 15, 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080526

AMA Style

Pérez-Fernández B, Maestroni BM, Cozzani C, Eusey C, Gibson N, de la Escosura-Muñiz A, Vlachou C. Fumonisin B Determination in Maize Products from Belize Using an Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. Biosensors. 2025; 15(8):526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080526

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pérez-Fernández, Beatriz, Britt Marianna Maestroni, Carlotta Cozzani, Colette Eusey, Natalie Gibson, Alfredo de la Escosura-Muñiz, and Christina Vlachou. 2025. "Fumonisin B Determination in Maize Products from Belize Using an Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes" Biosensors 15, no. 8: 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080526

APA Style

Pérez-Fernández, B., Maestroni, B. M., Cozzani, C., Eusey, C., Gibson, N., de la Escosura-Muñiz, A., & Vlachou, C. (2025). Fumonisin B Determination in Maize Products from Belize Using an Immunosensor Based on Screen-Printed Carbon Electrodes. Biosensors, 15(8), 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios15080526

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