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Biosensors
Volume 12
Issue 5
10.3390/bios12050269
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Review

Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review

by
Mehrab Pourmadadi
1,
Homayoon Soleimani Dinani
2,
Fatemeh Saeidi Tabar
1,
Kajal Khassi
3,
Sajjad Janfaza
4,
Nishat Tasnim
4,5 and
Mina Hoorfar
4,5,*
1
School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 1417935840, Iran
2
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO 65409, USA
3
Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 8415683111, Iran
4
School of Engineering, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
5
School of Engineering and Computer Science, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Biosensors 2022, 12(5), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050269
Submission received: 10 February 2022 / Revised: 11 April 2022 / Accepted: 14 April 2022 / Published: 24 April 2022
(This article belongs to the Section Biosensor Materials)
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Abstract

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide, and there is a critical need for diagnostic platforms for applications in early cancer detection. The diagnosis of cancer can be made by identifying abnormal cell characteristics such as functional changes, a number of vital proteins in the body, abnormal genetic mutations and structural changes, and so on. Identifying biomarker candidates such as DNA, RNA, mRNA, aptamers, metabolomic biomolecules, enzymes, and proteins is one of the most important challenges. In order to eliminate such challenges, emerging biomarkers can be identified by designing a suitable biosensor. One of the most powerful technologies in development is biosensor technology based on nanostructures. Recently, graphene and its derivatives have been used for diverse diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Graphene-based biosensors have exhibited significant performance with excellent sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and a wide detection range. In this review, the principle of technology, advances, and challenges in graphene-based biosensors such as field-effect transistors (FET), fluorescence sensors, SPR biosensors, and electrochemical biosensors to detect different cancer cells is systematically discussed. Additionally, we provide an outlook on the properties, applications, and challenges of graphene and its derivatives, such as Graphene Oxide (GO), Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO), and Graphene Quantum Dots (GQDs), in early cancer detection by nanobiosensors.
Keywords: graphene; cancer biomarkers; nanobiosensor; biosensing method; diagnostic applications graphene; cancer biomarkers; nanobiosensor; biosensing method; diagnostic applications
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MDPI and ACS Style

Pourmadadi, M.; Soleimani Dinani, H.; Saeidi Tabar, F.; Khassi, K.; Janfaza, S.; Tasnim, N.; Hoorfar, M. Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review. Biosensors 2022, 12, 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050269

AMA Style

Pourmadadi M, Soleimani Dinani H, Saeidi Tabar F, Khassi K, Janfaza S, Tasnim N, Hoorfar M. Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review. Biosensors. 2022; 12(5):269. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050269

Chicago/Turabian Style

Pourmadadi, Mehrab, Homayoon Soleimani Dinani, Fatemeh Saeidi Tabar, Kajal Khassi, Sajjad Janfaza, Nishat Tasnim, and Mina Hoorfar. 2022. "Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review" Biosensors 12, no. 5: 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050269

APA Style

Pourmadadi, M., Soleimani Dinani, H., Saeidi Tabar, F., Khassi, K., Janfaza, S., Tasnim, N., & Hoorfar, M. (2022). Properties and Applications of Graphene and Its Derivatives in Biosensors for Cancer Detection: A Comprehensive Review. Biosensors, 12(5), 269. https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12050269

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