Enhancing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Efficiency of Titania–Lanthanide Hybrid Upconversion Nanomaterials by Shortening the Donor–Acceptor Distance
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Characterizations
2.3. Synthesis of the Core NaYF4:Nd(15%),Yb(15%) and NaYF4:Yb(10%),Er(0.5%) NPs
2.4. Synthesis of the Core/Shell and Core/Shell/Shell NaYF4:Nd(15%),Yb(15%)@NaYF4:Yb(20%)@ NaYF4:Yb(20%), Tm (0.5%) and NaYF4:Yb(10%),Tm(0.5%)@NaYF4: Yb(20%)@NaYF4:Nd(20%),Yb(10%)
2.5. Coating TiO2 on the Core/Shell/Shell UCNPs
2.6. Preparation of UCNP@TiO2-PAH-PEG-FA
2.7. Reactive Oxygen Species Determination under 793 nm NIR Laser Irradiation
2.8. Cytotoxicity Assays
2.9. In Vitro NIR Induced PDT Effect
2.10. In Vitro Cellular Imaging
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Design, Syntheses, Morphology and Luminescence Characterizations of the New Core/Shell/Shell UCNPs NaYF4:Nd3+(15%),Yb3+(15%)@NaYF4:Yb3+(20%)@NaYF4:Yb3+(20%),Tm3+(0.5%), i.e., Nd-Yb-Tm-UCNPs
3.2. TiO2 and PAH/PEG-FA Modifications and Zeta Potential Changes
3.3. ROS Production, Stability, Imaging and PDT Cytotoxicity Studies
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Lin, S.-L.; Chen, H.-C.; Chang, C.A. Enhancing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Efficiency of Titania–Lanthanide Hybrid Upconversion Nanomaterials by Shortening the Donor–Acceptor Distance. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102035
Lin S-L, Chen H-C, Chang CA. Enhancing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Efficiency of Titania–Lanthanide Hybrid Upconversion Nanomaterials by Shortening the Donor–Acceptor Distance. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(10):2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102035
Chicago/Turabian StyleLin, Syue-Liang, Han-Chun Chen, and Cheng Allen Chang. 2020. "Enhancing Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Efficiency of Titania–Lanthanide Hybrid Upconversion Nanomaterials by Shortening the Donor–Acceptor Distance" Nanomaterials 10, no. 10: 2035. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10102035