Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles-Based Systems for RNAi Delivery: Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. RNA Interference for Bone Repair
2.1. Biogenesis of microRNA and siRNA
2.2. Bone Interfering miRNA
3. Mechanisms of miRNA Delivery for Bone Repair
3.1. Viral Vectors
3.2. Non-Viral Vectors
4. Calcium Phosphates Nanoparticles as Non-Viral Vectors
5. Functionalized Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles for Delivery of miRNAs
5.1. PEG-Ylation
5.2. Cationic Polymers
5.3. Natural Polymers
5.4. Cationic Liposomes
5.5. Cell-Penetrating Peptides
6. Conclusions and Future Perspective
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Cell Type | MicroRNA | Effect | Target | Reference |
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Osteoblast | miR-17-92 | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | RUNX2, type I collagen | [27] |
miR-26a | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | RUNX2, VEGF, GSK-3β | [21,23,28] | |
miR-29a | Unclear | RUNX2, type I collagen, type 5 collagen | [29,30] | |
miR-29b | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | TGF-β, HDAC4 | [30,31] | |
miR-133a | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | RUNX2 | [32] | |
antagomiR-133a | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | RUNX2 | [33] | |
miR-125b | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | Unknown | [34] | |
miR-135 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | Smads5 | [32] | |
miR-138 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | FAK | [35,36] | |
miR-141 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | DLX-5, Wnt signalling | [37,38] | |
miR-196a | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | RUNX2, OPN | [39] | |
miR-210 | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | TGF-β, VEGF | [40] | |
miR-335 | Unclear | RUNX2, DDK1 | [41,42] | |
miR-338 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | RUNX2, FGFR2 | [43,44] | |
miR-378 | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | CASP3 | [45,46,47] | |
miR-637 | Inhibits osteoblast differentiation | Osterix | [43,48] | |
miR-2861 | Promotes osteoblast differentiation | HDAC5 | [49] | |
Osteoclast | miR-21 | Promotes osteoclast differentiation | RANKL | [50] |
miR-29b | Unclear | Cdc42 | [51] | |
miR-31 | Promotes osteoclast differentiation | RhoA pathway | [52] | |
miR-34a | Inhibits osteoclast differentiation | Tgif2 | [53] | |
miR-155 | Inhibits osteoclast differentiation | SOCS1 | [54] | |
miR-223 | Unclear | Unclear | [55,56] | |
miR-503 | Promotes osteoclast differentiation | RANK | [57] | |
Chondrocytes | miR-140 | Promotes chondrocyte differentiation | Dnpep | [58] |
miR-145 | Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation | Sox9 | [59] | |
miR-199a* | Inhibits chondrocyte differentiation | Smad1, Smad4 | [60] |
Surface Functionalisation Method | Advantages | Limitations | Examples | Particle Size (Mean nm) | Transfection Efficiencies (%) |
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PEG-ylation |
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Cationic polymers |
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Natural polymers |
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Cationic liposomes |
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Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) |
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Share and Cite
Levingstone, T.J.; Herbaj, S.; Redmond, J.; McCarthy, H.O.; Dunne, N.J. Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles-Based Systems for RNAi Delivery: Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10010146
Levingstone TJ, Herbaj S, Redmond J, McCarthy HO, Dunne NJ. Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles-Based Systems for RNAi Delivery: Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Nanomaterials. 2020; 10(1):146. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10010146
Chicago/Turabian StyleLevingstone, Tanya J., Simona Herbaj, John Redmond, Helen O. McCarthy, and Nicholas J. Dunne. 2020. "Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles-Based Systems for RNAi Delivery: Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration" Nanomaterials 10, no. 1: 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10010146
APA StyleLevingstone, T. J., Herbaj, S., Redmond, J., McCarthy, H. O., & Dunne, N. J. (2020). Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles-Based Systems for RNAi Delivery: Applications in Bone Tissue Regeneration. Nanomaterials, 10(1), 146. https://doi.org/10.3390/nano10010146