Next Article in Journal
An Underwater Image Restoration Deep Learning Network Combining Attention Mechanism and Brightness Adjustment
Next Article in Special Issue
Changes in Accessibility of Chinese Coastal Ports to Arctic Ports under Melting Ice
Previous Article in Journal
AIS Data Manipulation in the Illicit Global Oil Trade
Previous Article in Special Issue
Changing Arctic Northern Sea Route and Transpolar Sea Route: A Prediction of Route Changes and Navigation Potential before Mid-21st Century
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
Journals
JMSE
Volume 12
Issue 1
10.3390/jmse12010004
jmse-logo
Submit to this Journal Review for this Journal Propose a Special Issue
► Article Menu

Article Menu

share Share announcement Help format_quote Cite question_answer Discuss in SciProfiles
first_page
settings
Order Article Reprints
Font Type:
Arial Georgia Verdana
Font Size:
Aa Aa Aa
Line Spacing:
Column Width:
Background:
Article

Integrating Software FMEA and STPA to Develop a Bayesian Network-Based Software Risk Model for Autonomous Ships

by
Xue Yang
1,2,
Yawei Zhu
1,2,
Tao Zhou
1,2,
Sheng Xu
3,*,
Wenjun Zhang
1,2,*,
Xiangyu Zhou
1,2 and
Xiangkun Meng
1,2
1
Navigation College, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China
2
Dalian Key Laboratory of Safety & Security Technology for Autonomous Shipping, Dalian 116026, China
3
Department of Marine Technology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010004
Submission received: 12 November 2023 / Revised: 12 December 2023 / Accepted: 16 December 2023 / Published: 19 December 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Safety and Efficiency of Maritime Transportation and Ship Operations)
Browse Figures
Versions Notes

Abstract

The autonomous shipping industry is increasingly focusing on enhancing the safety and reliability of software-based systems. Conducting a risk assessment is a requirement for demonstrating the safety equivalence of autonomous ships based on such systems to conventional vessels. Traditional risk assessment models, however, primarily focus on hardware failures, often overlooking potential software-related failures and functional inadequacies. This study proposes a framework integrating Software Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA), System–Theoretic Process Analysis (STPA), and Bayesian Network (BN) for risk identification of autonomous ship software systems. The results of a case study reveal that the framework sufficiently addresses the multifaceted nature of risks related to software in autonomous ships. Based on the findings of this study, we suggest the need for standardization of software architecture development in the autonomous ship industry and highlight the necessity for an enhanced understanding of AI-specific risks and the development of tailored risk assessment methodologies.
Keywords: autonomous ship; software risk assessment; STPA; Software FMEA autonomous ship; software risk assessment; STPA; Software FMEA

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Yang, X.; Zhu, Y.; Zhou, T.; Xu, S.; Zhang, W.; Zhou, X.; Meng, X. Integrating Software FMEA and STPA to Develop a Bayesian Network-Based Software Risk Model for Autonomous Ships. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12, 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010004

AMA Style

Yang X, Zhu Y, Zhou T, Xu S, Zhang W, Zhou X, Meng X. Integrating Software FMEA and STPA to Develop a Bayesian Network-Based Software Risk Model for Autonomous Ships. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2024; 12(1):4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010004

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yang, Xue, Yawei Zhu, Tao Zhou, Sheng Xu, Wenjun Zhang, Xiangyu Zhou, and Xiangkun Meng. 2024. "Integrating Software FMEA and STPA to Develop a Bayesian Network-Based Software Risk Model for Autonomous Ships" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 12, no. 1: 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010004

APA Style

Yang, X., Zhu, Y., Zhou, T., Xu, S., Zhang, W., Zhou, X., & Meng, X. (2024). Integrating Software FMEA and STPA to Develop a Bayesian Network-Based Software Risk Model for Autonomous Ships. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 12(1), 4. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12010004

Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.

Article Metrics

Back to TopTop