Circulation and Transport Processes during an Extreme Freshwater Discharge Event at the Tagus Estuary
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Study Area
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Data
3.2. Numerical Model
3.2.1. Model Implementation
3.2.2. Model Validation
3.3. Model Scenarios
4. Results
4.1. Event Characterization: 2013
4.2. Changes in Water Properties Transport under a Climate Change Context
5. Discussion
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Parameter | Specification |
---|---|
Time Step | 30 s |
Process | Hydrodynamics, salt, and heat transport |
Wind | Variable (Era-Interim) |
Discharge | Variable |
Boundary Forcing | Harmonic constituents, salinity and water temperature |
Bottom Roughness | Variable Manning coefficient |
Background horizontal eddy viscosity and diffusivity | 10 m2/s |
Background vertical eddy viscosity and diffusivity | 10−5 m2/s |
Air Temperature | Heat flux model |
Heat Flux Model | Absolute flux, net solar radiation |
Threshold depth | 0.1 m |
Turbulence closure | K—ε |
Wall slip condition | Free |
Spin-up period | 2 months |
Station | RMSE (m) | ∆E (%) | SKILL |
---|---|---|---|
Vila Franca de Xira (T) | 0.19 | 6.29 | 0.99 |
Alcochete (S) | 0.14 | 4.71 | 0.99 |
Lisboa (R) | 0.10 | 3.31 | 0.99 |
Paço de Arcos (Q) | 0.42 | 16.04 | 0.92 |
Cascais (P) | 0.07 | 2.81 | 0.99 |
Water Temperature (°C) | Salinity | |
---|---|---|
RMSE | 0.48 | 1.68 |
SKILL | 0.77 | 0.61 |
Scenario | Sea Level Rise (m) | Air Temperature (°C) |
---|---|---|
#ScRef | 0 | 0 |
#Sc1 | 0 | +1.0 |
#Sc2 | +0.40 | 0 |
#Sc3 | +0.40 | +1.0 |
#Sc4 | +0.70 | +4.0 |
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Ribeiro, A.F.; Sousa, M.; Picado, A.; Ribeiro, A.S.; Dias, J.M.; Vaz, N. Circulation and Transport Processes during an Extreme Freshwater Discharge Event at the Tagus Estuary. J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2022, 10, 1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101410
Ribeiro AF, Sousa M, Picado A, Ribeiro AS, Dias JM, Vaz N. Circulation and Transport Processes during an Extreme Freshwater Discharge Event at the Tagus Estuary. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. 2022; 10(10):1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101410
Chicago/Turabian StyleRibeiro, Ana Filipa, Magda Sousa, Ana Picado, Américo Soares Ribeiro, João Miguel Dias, and Nuno Vaz. 2022. "Circulation and Transport Processes during an Extreme Freshwater Discharge Event at the Tagus Estuary" Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 10: 1410. https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse10101410