Late Diagnosis of Infants with PCD and Neonatal Respiratory Distress
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Definition of NRD and PCD Diagnosis
2.3. Analysis
2.4. Ethics
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | N (%) | Age at Diagnosis (in Years) | N (%) of Patients Diagnosed at 0–12 m |
---|---|---|---|
Median (IQR) | |||
Total | 476 (100) | 3.36 (0.69–7.76) | 144 (30.3) |
Sex | |||
Male | 262 (55.0) | 2.62 (0.61–7.06) | 87 (33.2) |
Female | 214 (45.0) | 4.38 (0.97–8.34) | 57 (26.6) |
Country of residence | |||
Argentina | 30 (6.3) | 1.5 (0.50–5.00) | 10 (33.3) |
Australia | 19 (4.0) | 1.26 (0.40–3.78) | 9 (47.4) |
Colombia | 11 (2.3) | 6.61 (4.04–8.34) | 1 (9.1) |
Cyprus | 5 (1.0) | 0.61 (0.21–0.67) | 4 (80.0) |
Czech Republic | 21 (4.4) | 4.75 (1.49–9.28) | 4 (19.0) |
Italy | 89 (18.7) | 1.62 (0.38–5.67) | 36 (40.4) |
Norway | 25 (5.3) | 0.63 (0.10–7.17) | 14 (56.0) |
Turkey | 31 (6.5) | 10.11 (7.37–12.53) | 0 (0.0) |
United Kingdom | 245 (51.5) | 3.53 (0.89–8.08) | 66 (26.9) |
NRD | |||
No | 193 (40.6) | 4.96 (1.10–8.44) | 43 (22.3) |
Yes | 261 (54.8) | 1.96 (0.50–6.40) | 98 (37.5) |
No information | 22 (4.6) | 2.47 (1.42–9.40) | 3 (13.6) |
Organ laterality | |||
Situs solitus | 218 (45.8) | 5.93 (2.00–9.08) | 37(17.0) |
Laterality defect | 240 (50.4) | 1.44 (0.42–5.07) | 103 (42.9) |
No information | 18 (3.8) | 6.35 (1.09–9.54) | 4 (22.2) |
Clinical characteristics groups | |||
No NRD, situs solitus | 114 (24.0) | 6.47 (2.73–9.08) | 15 (13.2) |
NRD, situs solitus | 132 (27.7) | 5.44 (1.50–9.41) | 27 (20.5) |
No NRD, laterality defect | 91 (19.1) | 2.51 (0.67–6.97) | 30 (33.0) |
NRD, laterality defect | 139 (29.2) | 0.91 (0.31–3.17) | 72 (52.0) |
Clinical Characteristics Groups | Age at Diagnosis n (%) | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0–2 m | 3–11 m | 1–4 yrs | 5–9 yrs | 10–14 yrs | > 14 yrs | Total | |
No NRD, situs solitus | 2 (1.7) | 13 (11.4) | 24 (21.1) | 46 (40.4) | 26 (22.8) | 3 (2.6) | 114 (100) |
NRD, situs solitus | 8 (6.1) | 19 (14.4) | 25 (18.9) | 45 (34.1) | 34 (25.7) | 1 (0.8) | 132 (100) |
No NRD, laterality defect | 6 (6.6) | 24 (26.3) | 22 (24.2) | 27 (29.7) | 11 (12.1) | 1 (1.1) | 91 (100) |
NRD, laterality defect | 29 (20.9) | 43 (30.9) | 39 (28.1) | 20 (14.4) | 7 (5.0) | 1 (0.7) | 139 (100) |
TOTAL | 45 (9.4) | 99 (20.8) | 110 (23.1) | 138 (29.0) | 78 (16.4) | 6 (1.3) | 476 (100) |
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Goutaki, M.; Halbeisen, F.S.; Barbato, A.; Crowley, S.; Harris, A.; Hirst, R.A.; Karadag, B.; Martinu, V.; Morgan, L.; O’Callaghan, C.; et al. Late Diagnosis of Infants with PCD and Neonatal Respiratory Distress. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092871
Goutaki M, Halbeisen FS, Barbato A, Crowley S, Harris A, Hirst RA, Karadag B, Martinu V, Morgan L, O’Callaghan C, et al. Late Diagnosis of Infants with PCD and Neonatal Respiratory Distress. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(9):2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092871
Chicago/Turabian StyleGoutaki, Myrofora, Florian S. Halbeisen, Angelo Barbato, Suzanne Crowley, Amanda Harris, Robert A. Hirst, Bülent Karadag, Vendula Martinu, Lucy Morgan, Christopher O’Callaghan, and et al. 2020. "Late Diagnosis of Infants with PCD and Neonatal Respiratory Distress" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 9: 2871. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9092871