COVID-19 and the Kidney: From Epidemiology to Clinical Practice
1
Renal Unit, Department of Health Sciences, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
2
Interuniversity Center of Phlebolymphology (CIFL), International Research and Educational Program in Clinical and Experimental Biotechnology, Headquarters, Magna Graecia University, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
Ida Gagliardi and Gemma Patella contributed equally.
J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9(8), 2506; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082506
Received: 19 June 2020
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Revised: 23 July 2020
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Accepted: 25 July 2020
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Published: 4 August 2020
(This article belongs to the Section Nephrology & Urology)
The new respiratory infectious disease coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that originated in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 and caused by a new strain of zoonotic coronavirus, named severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), to date has killed over 630,000 people and infected over 15,000,000 worldwide. Most of the deceased patients had pre-existing comorbidities; over 20% had chronic kidney disease (CKD). Furthermore, although SARS-CoV-2 infection is characterized mainly by diffuse alveolar damage and acute respiratory failure, acute kidney injury (AKI) has developed in a high percentage of cases. As AKI has been shown to be associated with worse prognosis, we believe that the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on the kidney should be investigated. This review sets out to describe the main renal aspects of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the role of the virus in the development and progression of kidney damage. In this article, attention is focused on the epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms of kidney damage, histopathology, clinical features in nephropathic patients (CKD, hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, AKI, transplantation) and prevention and containment strategies. Although there remains much more to be learned with regards to this disease, nonetheless it is our hope that this review will aid in the understanding and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2; acute kidney injury; dialysis; renal transplantation; pandemic
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gagliardi, I.; Patella, G.; Michael, A.; Serra, R.; Provenzano, M.; Andreucci, M. COVID-19 and the Kidney: From Epidemiology to Clinical Practice. J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082506
AMA Style
Gagliardi I, Patella G, Michael A, Serra R, Provenzano M, Andreucci M. COVID-19 and the Kidney: From Epidemiology to Clinical Practice. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(8):2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082506
Chicago/Turabian StyleGagliardi, Ida, Gemma Patella, Ashour Michael, Raffaele Serra, Michele Provenzano, and Michele Andreucci. 2020. "COVID-19 and the Kidney: From Epidemiology to Clinical Practice" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 8: 2506. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9082506
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