Twenty Years of Cerebral Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging—Is the Best yet to Come?
Abstract
:1. Introduction: Cerebral Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging (UPI), First Clinical Applications
2. Technical Aspects
2.1. Microbubbles and Harmonic Imaging
2.1.1. “Non-Destructive Imaging Modes”:
2.1.2. “Destructive Imaging modes”:
2.2. Data Acquisition and Processing
3. Validation to Standard Imaging
4. Clinical Applications up to Date and Future Indications
5. Restrictions of the Method and Safety Considerations
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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---|---|---|---|---|
Levovist® | 1993, withdrawn | Air | Galactose microparticles | Schering AG, Berlin, DE |
Optison® | 1998 | Octafluoropropane, C3F8 | Cross-linked serum albumin | GE healthcare, Buckinghamshire, UK |
SonoVue® | 2001 | Sulphurhexafluoride, SF6 | Phospholipid | Bracco diagnostics, Milano, Italy |
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Eyding, J.; Fung, C.; Niesen, W.-D.; Krogias, C. Twenty Years of Cerebral Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging—Is the Best yet to Come? J. Clin. Med. 2020, 9, 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030816
Eyding J, Fung C, Niesen W-D, Krogias C. Twenty Years of Cerebral Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging—Is the Best yet to Come? Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2020; 9(3):816. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030816
Chicago/Turabian StyleEyding, Jens, Christian Fung, Wolf-Dirk Niesen, and Christos Krogias. 2020. "Twenty Years of Cerebral Ultrasound Perfusion Imaging—Is the Best yet to Come?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 3: 816. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9030816