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Volume 8
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10.3390/jcm8050756
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Article

Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In Vitro Effects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity

by
Rosita A. Condorelli
,
Sandro La Vignera
*,
Laura M. Mongioì
,
Angela Alamo
,
Filippo Giacone
,
Rossella Cannarella
and
Aldo E. Calogero
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia 78, 95123 Catania, Italy
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(5), 756; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050756
Submission received: 1 May 2019 / Revised: 15 May 2019 / Accepted: 23 May 2019 / Published: 27 May 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Disorders of Puberty: The Causes and the Endocrine Medical Treatment)
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Abstract

The aim of this study wasto assess the in vitro effects of levothyroxine (LT4) on conventional and bio-functional sperm parameters and its implications on fertility. Patients with male idiopathic infertility were enrolled and subjected to examination of the seminal fluid and capacitation according to the WHO 2010 criteria and flow cytometric sperm analysis for the evaluation of bio-functional sperm parameters. LT4 significantly increased the percentage of spermatozoa with high mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), decreased the percentage of spermatozoa with low MMP and increased sperm motility already at a concentration of 0.9 pmol L−1. Therefore, LT4 significantly reduced sperm necrosis and lipid peroxidation ameliorating chromatin compactness. These effects of LT4 were evident at a concentration of 2.9 pmol L−1, close to the physiological free-thyroxine (FT4) concentrations in the seminal fluid of euthyroid subjects. We showed a beneficial role of thyroid hormones on sperm mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and DNA integrity. The results of this in vitro study could have a clinical application in patients with idiopathic infertility, clarifying the role of thyroid function on male fertility.
Keywords: thyroid hormones; spermatozoa; sperm parameters; sperm mitochondrial potential; sperm motility thyroid hormones; spermatozoa; sperm parameters; sperm mitochondrial potential; sperm motility

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MDPI and ACS Style

Condorelli, R.A.; La Vignera, S.; Mongioì, L.M.; Alamo, A.; Giacone, F.; Cannarella, R.; Calogero, A.E. Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In Vitro Effects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050756

AMA Style

Condorelli RA, La Vignera S, Mongioì LM, Alamo A, Giacone F, Cannarella R, Calogero AE. Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In Vitro Effects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(5):756. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050756

Chicago/Turabian Style

Condorelli, Rosita A., Sandro La Vignera, Laura M. Mongioì, Angela Alamo, Filippo Giacone, Rossella Cannarella, and Aldo E. Calogero. 2019. "Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In Vitro Effects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 5: 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050756

APA Style

Condorelli, R. A., La Vignera, S., Mongioì, L. M., Alamo, A., Giacone, F., Cannarella, R., & Calogero, A. E. (2019). Thyroid Hormones and Spermatozoa: In Vitro Effects on Sperm Mitochondria, Viability and DNA Integrity. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(5), 756. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8050756

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