Non-Aβ-Dependent Factors Associated with Global Cognitive and Physical Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Multivariate Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | M ± SD |
---|---|
MCI, n (%) | 12 (28.6) |
AD, n (%) | 30 (71.4) |
Female, n (%) | 27 (64.3) |
Age, years | 78.7 ± 5.7 |
Weight, kg | 72.5 ± 14.5 |
Height, m | 1.64 ± 0.2 |
IPAQ (METs·min·week−1) | 3837 ± 589 |
Clinical Characteristics | |
Time since diagnoses, years | 4.5 ± 2.5 |
MMSE, (0–30) | 24 ± 2.9 |
CDR, (0–3) | 1.25 |
FAB, (0–18) | 9.5 ± 3 |
IADL, (0–100%) | 61.7 ± 32.5 |
Health-Related Markers | |
Sys, mmHg | 130.4 ± 6.2 |
Dia, mmHg | 87.8 ± 5.2 |
HCT, L/L | 0.42 ± 0.04 |
Hb, g/L | 13.6 ± 1.4 |
Glicemia, mg/dL | 100.5 ± 26.2 |
HDL, mg/dL | 61.9 ± 23.7 |
LDL, mg/dL | 110 ± 23 |
Trigl, mg/dL | 102.7 ± 29.4 |
Cortisol, nmol/L | 14.5 ± 3.4 |
Pharmacological Treatment, n (%) | |
Cholinesterase inhibitors | 14(33.3) |
Antipsychotics | 4(9.5) |
Antidepressants | 7(16.6) |
Benzodiazepines | 2(4.8) |
Comorbidities, n (%) | |
Cardiovascular disease | 9(21.4) |
Diabetes | 3(7.1) |
Arthrosis | 5(11.9) |
Markers | M ± SD |
---|---|
Bain volume | |
Non normalized, mL | 928 ± 119 |
Normalized for skull size, mL | 1354 ± 75 |
Physical and bioenergetic variables | |
6MWT, m | 365 ± 87 |
VO2max, mL·kg·min−1 | 25.8 ± 5.9 |
Vascular function and inflammatory markers | |
VEGF, pg/mL | 31.9 ± 10.5 |
TNF-a, pg/mL | 0.714 ± 0.015 |
IL-15, pg/mL | 29.1 ± 23.1 |
FMD, % | 7.8 ± 2.6 |
FMD/Shear | 0.1015 ± 0.149 |
Shear Rate | 175,618 ± 111,627 |
Lymphocytes markers and receptors | |
β-NGF, pg/mL | 103.9 ± 51.8 |
TrkA Mono, % | 93.7 ± 7.3 |
p75 Mono, % | 81.4 ± 9.4 |
MFI TrkA | 153.6 ± 101.7 |
MFI p75 | 23.9 ± 10.7 |
IL-6, % | 6.5 ± 2.1 |
IL-10, % | 4.4 ± 2.4 |
Variables | MMSE | PPT | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
p | R | p | R | |
MMSE | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
PPT | ----- | ----- | ----- | ----- |
Age | 0.331 | 0.198 | 0.298 | 0.201 |
Gender | 0.276 | 0.159 | 0.300 | 0.299 |
Weight | 0.199 | 0.174 | 0.250 | 0.183 |
Non-correted Brain Volume | 0.194 | 0.023 | 0.168 | 0.037 |
Corrected Brain Volume | 0.202 | 0.129 | 0.198 | 0.248 |
IADL | <0.001 | 0.664 | <0.001 | 0.725 |
6MWT | <0.001 | 0.627 | <0.001 | 0.749 |
VO2max | <0.001 | 0.662 | <0.001 | 0.490 |
VEGF | 0.789 | 0.178 | 0.876 | 0.112 |
TNF-a | 0.179 | 0.292 | 0.098 | 0.209 |
IL-15 | 0.173 | 0.341 | 0.181 | 0.139 |
FMD% | 0.069 | 0.298 | 0.129 | 0.298 |
FMD/Shear | 0.321 | 0.210 | 0.183 | 0.372 |
Shear Rate | 0.199 | 0.203 | 0.193 | 0.389 |
β-NGF | 0.004 | 0.453 | 0.015 | 0.398 |
TrkA Mono | 0.062 | 0.302 | 0.752 | 0.412 |
p75 Mono | 0.113 | 0.267 | 0.018 | 0.387 |
MFI TrkA | 0.158 | 0.307 | 0.083 | 0.288 |
MFI p75 | 0.020 | 0.372 | <0.001 | 0.497 |
IL-6 | 0.210 | 0.111 | 0.191 | 0.234 |
IL-10 | 0.157 | 0.320 | 0.016 | 0.499 |
Variable | Coeff. | S Coeff. | SE | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Costant | 13.384 | 2.864 | ||
6MWT | 0.00599 | 0.131 | 0.00863 | 0.029 |
VO2max | 0.235 | 0.341 | 0.130 | 0.087 |
MMSE = 11.384 + (0.00599 × 6MWT) + (0.235 × VO2max) |
Variable | Coeff. | S Coeff. | SE | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Constant | 1.848 | 4.502 | ||
6MWT | 0.0264 | 0.698 | 0.00491 | <0.001 |
VO2max | 19.693 | 0.251 | 10.197 | 0.079 |
PPT = 1.848 + (0.0264 × 6MWT) + (19.693 × VO2max) |
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Pedrinolla, A.; Venturelli, M.; Tamburin, S.; Fonte, C.; Stabile, A.M.; Boscolo Galazzo, I.; Ghinassi, B.; Venneri, M.A.; Pizzini, F.B.; Muti, E.; et al. Non-Aβ-Dependent Factors Associated with Global Cognitive and Physical Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Multivariate Analysis. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020224
Pedrinolla A, Venturelli M, Tamburin S, Fonte C, Stabile AM, Boscolo Galazzo I, Ghinassi B, Venneri MA, Pizzini FB, Muti E, et al. Non-Aβ-Dependent Factors Associated with Global Cognitive and Physical Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Multivariate Analysis. Journal of Clinical Medicine. 2019; 8(2):224. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020224
Chicago/Turabian StylePedrinolla, Anna, Massimo Venturelli, Stefano Tamburin, Cristina Fonte, Anna Maria Stabile, Ilaria Boscolo Galazzo, Barbara Ghinassi, Mary Anna Venneri, Francesca Benedetta Pizzini, Ettore Muti, and et al. 2019. "Non-Aβ-Dependent Factors Associated with Global Cognitive and Physical Function in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Pilot Multivariate Analysis" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 2: 224. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8020224