Effective Combined Photodynamic Therapy with Lipid Platinum Chloride Nanoparticles Therapies of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Tumor Inhibition
1
Graduate Program of Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
2
Center for Commercialization of Cancer Theranostics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
3
Division of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
4
Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
5
Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8(12), 2112; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8122112
Received: 29 October 2019 / Revised: 17 November 2019 / Accepted: 26 November 2019 / Published: 2 December 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Past, Present and Future of Photodynamic Therapy for Cancers)
Encapsulating cisplatin (CDDP) into liposomes to form lipid-platinum-chloride nanoparticles (LPC NPs) has shown a promising anticancer effect in melanoma, bladder, and liver cancer models. This promising anticancer effect of LPC NPs challenges us to study its implications in combination with photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, we report the therapeutic efficacy of PDT+LPC on a xenograft model of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Results showed that PDT+LPC significantly reduced the tumor volume by up to ~112%. Meanwhile, LPC, PDT+CDDP, or the CDDP group showed ~98.8%, ~73.1%, or ~39.5% volume reductions, respectively. Histological examination suggests that PDT+LPC or LPC treatment showed minimal side effects on renal damage compared to either CDDP or the PDT+CDDP group. Immunohistochemistry staining (IHC) staining on Ki-67, CD31, cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL assays, and western blots of tumor suppressor p53 confirmed consistent results. Most importantly, PDT+LPC prolonged tumor growth inhibition, which leads to minimum chemotherapy treatment administrations. Results suggest that PDT cytotoxicity provided a potent additive effect towards chemotherapy efficacy. Therefore, combined PDT with LPC NPs enhanced the therapeutic outcome in human OSCC.
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Keywords:
photodynamic therapy; lipid platinum chloride nanoparticles; drug delivery; combination therapy
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MDPI and ACS Style
Gusti-Ngurah-Putu, E.-P.; Huang, L.; Hsu, Y.-C. Effective Combined Photodynamic Therapy with Lipid Platinum Chloride Nanoparticles Therapies of Oral Squamous Carcinoma Tumor Inhibition. J. Clin. Med. 2019, 8, 2112.
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