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Volume 8
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10.3390/vaccines8010144
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Article

Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells

by
Yingying Li
1,*,
Ling Zhao
2,3,
Baokui Sui
3,
Zhaochen Luo
3,
Yachun Zhang
3 and
Yong Wang
1
1
Department of Human Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Dali University, Dali 671000, China
2
State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
3
Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2020, 8(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010144
Submission received: 10 March 2020 / Revised: 21 March 2020 / Accepted: 22 March 2020 / Published: 23 March 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Genomic Medicine and Advances in Vaccine Technology and Development in the Developing and Developed World)
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Abstract

Rabies, caused by the rabies virus (RABV), remains a serious threat to public health in most countries. Development of a single-dose and efficacious rabies vaccine is the most important method to restrict rabies virus transmission. Costimulatory factor OX40-ligand (OX40L) plays a crucial role in the T cell-dependent humoral immune responses through T-B cell interaction. In this work, a recombinant RABV overexpressing mouse OX40L (LBNSE-OX40L) was constructed, and its effects on immunogenicity were evaluated in a mouse model. LBNSE-OX40L-immunized mice generated a larger number of T follicular helper (Tfh) cells, germinal center (GC) B cells, and plasma cells (PCs) than the parent virus LBNSE-immunized mice. Furthermore, LBNSE-OX40L induced significantly higher levels of virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNA) as early as seven days post immunization (dpi), which lasted for eight weeks, resulting in better protection for mice than LBNSE (a live-attenuated rabies vaccine strain). Taken together, our data in this study suggest that OX40L can be a novel and potential adjuvant to improve the induction of protective antibody responses post RABV immunization by triggering T cell-dependent humoral immune responses, and that LBNSE-OX40L can be developed as an efficacious and nonpathogenic vaccine for animals.
Keywords: rabies vaccine; OX40-ligand; T follicular helper cells; germinal center B cells; plasma cells rabies vaccine; OX40-ligand; T follicular helper cells; germinal center B cells; plasma cells

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Y.; Zhao, L.; Sui, B.; Luo, Z.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y. Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells. Vaccines 2020, 8, 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010144

AMA Style

Li Y, Zhao L, Sui B, Luo Z, Zhang Y, Wang Y. Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells. Vaccines. 2020; 8(1):144. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010144

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Yingying, Ling Zhao, Baokui Sui, Zhaochen Luo, Yachun Zhang, and Yong Wang. 2020. "Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells" Vaccines 8, no. 1: 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010144

APA Style

Li, Y., Zhao, L., Sui, B., Luo, Z., Zhang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2020). Recombinant Rabies Virus Overexpressing OX40-Ligand Enhances Humoral Immune Responses by Increasing T Follicular Helper Cells and Germinal Center B Cells. Vaccines, 8(1), 144. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8010144

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