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Article

Universal Single-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis A in Children in a Region of High Endemicity

by
Mikhail I. Mikhailov
1,2,
Maria A. Lopatukhina
2,
Fedor A. Asadi Mobarhan
2,
Lyudmila Yu. Ilchenko
2,3,
Tatyana V. Kozhanova
3,
Olga V. Isaeva
1,2,
Anastasiya A. Karlsen
1,2,
Ilya A. Potemkin
1,2,
Vera S. Kichatova
1,2,
Anna A. Saryglar
4,
Natalia D. Oorzhak
5 and
Karen K. Kyuregyan
1,2,*
1
Department of Viral Hepatitis, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, 125993 Moscow, Russia
2
Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Mechnikov Research Institute for Vaccines and Sera, 105064 Moscow, Russia
3
Chumakov Federal Scientific Center for Research and Development of Immunobiological Products of Russian Academy of Sciences, 108819 Moscow, Russia
4
Kyzyl Hospital of Infectious Diseases, 667003 Kyzyl, Russia
5
Tuva Regional Service for Surveillance, 667010 Kyzyl, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2020, 8(4), 780; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040780
Submission received: 20 November 2020 / Revised: 11 December 2020 / Accepted: 17 December 2020 / Published: 20 December 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Perspective Technologies of Vaccination and Immunotherapy)
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Abstract

Since August 2012, universal single-dose vaccination in children aged at least three years has been implemented in the Republic of Tuva, which was previously the region most affected by hepatitis A in Russia. The objective of this cross-sectional study was the assessment of the immunological and epidemiological effectiveness of vaccination program five years following its implementation. In the pre-vaccination period, anti-HAV antibody detection rates in Tuva was 66.0% [95% CI: 56.3–74.6%] in children aged 10–14 years and reached a plateau (>95%) by age 20–29 years. Annual incidence rates in children under 18 years of age peaked at 450–860 per 100,000 in pre-vaccination years but dropped to 7.5 per 100,000 in this age group and to 3.2 per 100,000 in the total population one year after the start of vaccination. Since 2016, no cases of hepatitis A has been reported in Tuva. Serum anti-HAV antibodies were quantified in samples from healthy children following single-dose vaccination. Protective anti-HAV antibody concentrations (≥10 mIU/mL) were detected in 98.0% (95% CI: 96.2–99.0% (442/451)) of children tested one month after single-dose immunization, in 93.5% (95% CI: 91.0–95.4% (477/510)) and in 91.1% (95% CI: 88.2–93.4% (422/463)) of children one year and five years after single-dose immunization, respectively. Anti-HAV antibody geometric mean concentrations were similar in sera collected one month, one year, and five years following single-dose vaccination: 40.24 mIU/mL, 44.96 mIU/mL, and 57.73 mIU/mL, respectively (p > 0.05). These data confirm that single-dose vaccination is an effective method of bringing hepatitis A under control in a short period of time in a highly endemic region.
Keywords: hepatitis A; hepatitis A vaccine; single-dose vaccination; epidemiology; incidence; public health hepatitis A; hepatitis A vaccine; single-dose vaccination; epidemiology; incidence; public health

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MDPI and ACS Style

Mikhailov, M.I.; Lopatukhina, M.A.; Asadi Mobarhan, F.A.; Ilchenko, L.Y.; Kozhanova, T.V.; Isaeva, O.V.; Karlsen, A.A.; Potemkin, I.A.; Kichatova, V.S.; Saryglar, A.A.; et al. Universal Single-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis A in Children in a Region of High Endemicity. Vaccines 2020, 8, 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040780

AMA Style

Mikhailov MI, Lopatukhina MA, Asadi Mobarhan FA, Ilchenko LY, Kozhanova TV, Isaeva OV, Karlsen AA, Potemkin IA, Kichatova VS, Saryglar AA, et al. Universal Single-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis A in Children in a Region of High Endemicity. Vaccines. 2020; 8(4):780. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040780

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mikhailov, Mikhail I., Maria A. Lopatukhina, Fedor A. Asadi Mobarhan, Lyudmila Yu. Ilchenko, Tatyana V. Kozhanova, Olga V. Isaeva, Anastasiya A. Karlsen, Ilya A. Potemkin, Vera S. Kichatova, Anna A. Saryglar, and et al. 2020. "Universal Single-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis A in Children in a Region of High Endemicity" Vaccines 8, no. 4: 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040780

APA Style

Mikhailov, M. I., Lopatukhina, M. A., Asadi Mobarhan, F. A., Ilchenko, L. Y., Kozhanova, T. V., Isaeva, O. V., Karlsen, A. A., Potemkin, I. A., Kichatova, V. S., Saryglar, A. A., Oorzhak, N. D., & Kyuregyan, K. K. (2020). Universal Single-Dose Vaccination against Hepatitis A in Children in a Region of High Endemicity. Vaccines, 8(4), 780. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines8040780

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