Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Undergraduate Men and Women Healthcare University Students in Switzerland
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Methods
2.1. Population
2.2. Study Design
2.3. Study Tool
2.4. Sample Size
2.5. Statistical Analyses
2.6. Ethical Approval
3. Results
3.1. Participants Socio-Demographic Characteristics
3.2. Students Basic Knowledge about HPV
3.3. HPV Vaccination’s Knowledge
3.4. Attitude toward the HPV Vaccines
3.5. Predictors of HPV Vaccination
4. Discussion
Strength and Limitations of the Study
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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N | % | |
---|---|---|
Total | 650 | |
Age (mean/SD) | 23.1 | 8.16 |
Range (min-max) | 18–35 | |
Gender | ||
Women | 427 | 65.7% |
Men | 223 | 34.3% |
Birthplace | ||
Switzerland | 502 | 77.2% |
Europe | 90 | 13.8% |
Other | 58 | 8.9% |
Relationship status | ||
Married | 554 | 85.2% |
Not married | 96 | 14.8% |
Smoker | ||
Yes | 423 | 65.1% |
No | 227 | 34.9% |
Ever had sexual Intercourse | ||
Yes | 559 | 86.0% |
No | 60 | 9.2% |
Missing | 31 | 4.8% |
Age of first sex encounter (mean/SD) | 17.5 | 1.83 |
Number of sexual partners in lifetime (mean/SD) | 5.3 | 0.043 |
Women | 3.6 | 7.8 |
Men | 8.7 | 5.9 |
Contraceptive method (question only for women N = 427) | ||
vaginal ring | 128 | 30.0% |
hormonal IUD | 16 | 3.7% |
Injectable | 2 | 0.5% |
withdrawal | 50 | 11.7% |
condom | 171 | 40.0% |
no method | 60 | 14.1% |
Condom use during sexual intercourse | ||
Never | 62 | 9.5% |
Occasional | 231 | 35.5% |
Always | 357 | 54.9% |
Currently sexually active | ||
Yes | 533 | 82.0% |
No | 117 | 18.0% |
Women N = 427 | Men N = 223 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Correct Answer | True Response | False Response | True Response | False Response | |||||
HPV Knowledge Questions | N | % | N | % | N | % | N | % | |
The type of cancer highly associated with HPV infection is uterine cancer | True | 400 | 93.7% | 27 | 6.3% | 205 | 91.9% | 18 | 8.1% |
HPV can be sexually transmitted | True | 368 | 86.2% | 59 | 13.8% | 150 | 67.3% | 73 | 32.7% |
Having many sexual partners increases the risk of getting HPV | True | 334 | 78.2% | 93 | 21.8% | 135 | 60.5% | 88 | 39.5% |
HPV can be passed on during sexual intercourse | True | 298 | 69.8% | 129 | 30.2% | 125 | 56.1% | 98 | 43.9% |
A person could have HPV for many years without knowing it | True | 267 | 62.5% | 160 | 37.5% | 135 | 60.5% | 88 | 39.5% |
HPV always has visible signs or symptoms | False | 231 | 54.1% | 196 | 45.9% | 150 | 67.3% | 73 | 32.7% |
HPV is very rare infection | False | 285 | 66.7% | 142 | 33.3% | 138 | 61.9% | 85 | 38.1% |
There are many types of HPV | True | 306 | 71.7% | 121 | 28.3% | 147 | 65.9% | 76 | 34.1% |
Using condoms reduces the risk of getting HPV | True | 370 | 86.7% | 57 | 13.3% | 187 | 83.9% | 36 | 16.1% |
HPV can be passed on by genital skin to skin contact | True | 214 | 50.1% | 213 | 49.9% | 147 | 65.9% | 76 | 34.1% |
HPV can cause genital warts | True | 360 | 84.3% | 67 | 15.7% | 136 | 61.0% | 87 | 39.0% |
HPV can cause herpes | False | 258 | 60.4% | 169 | 39.6% | 141 | 63.2% | 82 | 36.8% |
HPV can be cured with antibiotics | False | 245 | 57.4% | 182 | 42.6% | 54 | 24.2% | 169 | 75.8% |
Most sexually active people will get HPV at some point in their lives | True | 201 | 47.1% | 226 | 52.9% | 157 | 70.4% | 66 | 29.6% |
Having sex at an early age increases the risk of getting HPV | True | 220 | 51.5% | 207 | 48.5% | 109 | 48.9% | 114 | 51.1% |
HPV usually doesn’t need any treatment | True | 235 | 55.0% | 192 | 45.0% | 104 | 46.6% | 119 | 53.4% |
Men cannot get HPV | False | 350 | 82.0% | 77 | 18.0% | 120 | 53.8% | 103 | 46.2% |
HPV Vaccine Knowledge Questions | |||||||||
There is a vaccine to protect women from HPV | True | 405 | 94.8% | 22 | 5.2% | 173 | 77.6% | 50 | 22.4% |
There is a vaccine to protect men from HPV | True | 302 | 70.7% | 125 | 29.3% | 157 | 70.4% | 66 | 29.6% |
The HPV vaccines offer protection against all sexually transmitted infections | False | 258 | 60.4% | 169 | 39.6% | 124 | 55.6% | 99 | 44.4% |
Someone who has had HPV vaccine cannot develop cervical cancer | False | 390 | 91.3% | 37 | 8.7% | 168 | 75.3% | 55 | 24.7% |
The HPV vaccines are most effective if given to people who have never had sex | True | 367 | 85.9% | 60 | 14.1% | 162 | 72.6% | 61 | 27.4% |
The HPV vaccines offer protection against most cervical cancers | True | 361 | 84.5% | 66 | 15.5% | 158 | 70.9% | 65 | 29.1% |
The HPV vaccine offers protection against genital warts | True | 347 | 81.3% | 80 | 18.7% | 147 | 65.9% | 76 | 34.1% |
Women N = 427 | Men N = 223 | p | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | % | N | % | ||
HPV vaccination status | |||||
Vaccinated (min 1 dose) | 310 | 72.6% | 70 | 31.4% | <0.001 * |
Not vaccinated | 117 | 27.4% | 153 | 68.6% | |
Who should pay for this vaccination | |||||
Private Insurance | 269 | 63.0% | 126 | 56.5% | 0.08 |
State health system | 100 | 23.4% | 61 | 27.4% | |
From my pocket | 23 | 5.4% | 10 | 4.5% | |
Others | 10 | 2.3% | 6 | 2.7% | |
Don’t know | 25 | 5.9% | 20 | 9.0% | |
Who should get vaccinated | |||||
Women only | 301 | 70.5% | 185 | 83.0% | 0.0003 |
Men and women | 121 | 28.3% | 37 | 16.6% | |
Men only | 5 | 1.2% | 1 | 0.4% | |
When vaccine should be given | |||||
Before the first sex encounter | 126 | 29.5% | 94 | 42.2% | 0.0009 |
Casual relationship | 139 | 32.6% | 67 | 30.0% | |
If more than one partner | 112 | 26.2% | 43 | 19.3% | |
Any time | 50 | 11.7% | 19 | 8.5% | |
Would you recommend the HPV vaccine? | |||||
Yes | 382 | 89.5% | 201 | 90.1% | 0.69 |
No | 45 | 10.5% | 22 | 9.9% | |
Do you think that the vaccine should be offered free of charge | |||||
Yes | 415 | 97.2% | 220 | 98.7% | 0.45 |
No | 12 | 2.8% | 3 | 1.3% |
aOR (95 CI) | |
---|---|
Gender | |
Men | Referent |
Women | 5.79 (4.0 6–8.25) |
Birthplace | |
Switzerland | Referent |
Europe | 1.65 (1.42–1.92) |
Other | 0.81 (0.66–1.03) |
Relationship status | |
Married | Referent |
Not married | 0.68 (0.22–0.72) |
Smoker | |
Yes | Referent |
No | 1.51 (1.05–2.81) |
Ever had sexual Intercourse | |
Yes | Referent |
No | 0.50 (0.30–0.83) |
Currently sexually active | |
Yes | Referent |
No | 0.31 (0.10–0.95) |
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Share and Cite
Jeannot, E.; Viviano, M.; Follonier, M.-C.; Kaech, C.; Oberhauser, N.; Mpinga, E.K.; Vassilakos, P.; Kaiser, B.; Petignat, P. Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Undergraduate Men and Women Healthcare University Students in Switzerland. Vaccines 2019, 7, 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040130
Jeannot E, Viviano M, Follonier M-C, Kaech C, Oberhauser N, Mpinga EK, Vassilakos P, Kaiser B, Petignat P. Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Undergraduate Men and Women Healthcare University Students in Switzerland. Vaccines. 2019; 7(4):130. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040130
Chicago/Turabian StyleJeannot, Emilien, Manuela Viviano, Marie-Christine Follonier, Christelle Kaech, Nadine Oberhauser, Emmanuel Kabengele Mpinga, Pierre Vassilakos, Barbara Kaiser, and Patrick Petignat. 2019. "Human Papillomavirus Infection and Vaccination: Knowledge, Attitude and Perception among Undergraduate Men and Women Healthcare University Students in Switzerland" Vaccines 7, no. 4: 130. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines7040130