The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

Armed Forces Health Surveillance Branch, Public Health Division, J3/CSA, Defense Health Agency, and Cherokee Nation Technology Solutions, Silver Spring, MD 20904, USA

Office of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD 20903, USA

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Vaccines 2018, 6(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6030039

Received: 30 May 2018 / Revised: 29 June 2018 / Accepted: 30 June 2018 / Published: 3 July 2018

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Hemagglutinin in Influenza Viruses Infection)

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Abstract

The first exposure to influenza is thought to impact subsequent immune responses later in life. The consequences of this can be seen during influenza epidemics and pandemics with differences in morbidity and mortality for different birth cohorts. There is a need for better understanding of how vaccine responses are affected by early exposures to influenza viruses. In this analysis of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody responses in two cohorts of military personnel we noticed differences related to age, sex, prior vaccination, deployment and birth year. These data suggest that HI antibody production, in response to influenza vaccination, is affected by these factors. The magnitude of this antibody response is associated with, among other factors, the influenza strain that circulated following birth. View Full-Text

Keywords: influenza; serum; IgG; humoral antibody; original antigenic sin; hemagglutinin

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MDPI and ACS Style

Plant, E.P.; Eick-Cost, A.A.; Ezzeldin, H.; Sanchez, J.L.; Ye, Z.; Cooper, M.J. The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines 2018, 6, 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6030039

AMA Style

Plant EP, Eick-Cost AA, Ezzeldin H, Sanchez JL, Ye Z, Cooper MJ. The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination. Vaccines. 2018; 6(3):39. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6030039

Chicago/Turabian Style

Plant, Ewan P., Angelia A. Eick-Cost, Hussein Ezzeldin, Jose L. Sanchez, Zhiping Ye, and Michael J. Cooper. 2018. "The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination" Vaccines 6, no. 3: 39. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines6030039

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The Effects of Birth Year, Age and Sex on Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Responses to Influenza Vaccination

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