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Volume 12
Issue 2
10.3390/vaccines12020125
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Article

Vaccination-Route-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Antigen-Carrying Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy

by
Chaojun Song
1,†,
Jinwei Hu
2,†,
Yutao Liu
2,
Yi Tian
3,
Yupu Zhu
2,
Jiayue Xi
2,
Minxuan Cui
2,
Xiaolei Wang
4,
Bao-Zhong Zhang
5,
Li Fan
2,* and
Quan Li
6,*
1
School of Life Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127th Youyi West Road, Xi’an 710072, China
2
Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Airforce Medical University, 169th Changle West Road, Xi’an 710032, China
3
Department of Oncology, Airforce Medical Center of PLA, 30th Fu Cheng Road, Beijing 100142, China
4
School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
5
Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
6
Department of Physics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Vaccines 2024, 12(2), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020125
Submission received: 15 December 2023 / Revised: 22 January 2024 / Accepted: 24 January 2024 / Published: 26 January 2024
(This article belongs to the Collection Advance in Nanoparticles as Vaccine Adjuvants)
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Abstract

Vaccination-route-dependent adjuvanticity was identified as being associated with the specific features of antigen-carrying nanoparticles (NPs) in the present work. Here, we demonstrated that the mechanical properties and the decomposability of NP adjuvants play key roles in determining the antigen accessibility and thus the overall vaccine efficacy in the immune system when different vaccination routes were employed. We showed that soft nano-vaccines were associated with more efficient antigen uptake when administering subcutaneous (S.C.) vaccination, while the slow decomposition of hard nano-vaccines promoted antigen uptake when intravenous (I.V.) vaccination was employed. In comparison to the clinically used aluminum (Alum) adjuvant, the NP adjuvants were found to stimulate both humoral and cellular immune responses efficiently, irrespective of the vaccination route. For vaccination via S.C. and I.V. alike, the NP-based vaccines show excellent protection for mice from Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infection, and their survival rates are 100% after lethal challenge, being much superior to the clinically used Alum adjuvant.
Keywords: nanoparticle adjuvant; adjuvanticity; nano-vaccine; vaccination route; mechanical property; decomposability; Staphylococcus aureus nanoparticle adjuvant; adjuvanticity; nano-vaccine; vaccination route; mechanical property; decomposability; Staphylococcus aureus

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Song, C.; Hu, J.; Liu, Y.; Tian, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Xi, J.; Cui, M.; Wang, X.; Zhang, B.-Z.; Fan, L.; et al. Vaccination-Route-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Antigen-Carrying Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines 2024, 12, 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020125

AMA Style

Song C, Hu J, Liu Y, Tian Y, Zhu Y, Xi J, Cui M, Wang X, Zhang B-Z, Fan L, et al. Vaccination-Route-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Antigen-Carrying Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines. 2024; 12(2):125. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020125

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Chaojun, Jinwei Hu, Yutao Liu, Yi Tian, Yupu Zhu, Jiayue Xi, Minxuan Cui, Xiaolei Wang, Bao-Zhong Zhang, Li Fan, and et al. 2024. "Vaccination-Route-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Antigen-Carrying Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy" Vaccines 12, no. 2: 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020125

APA Style

Song, C., Hu, J., Liu, Y., Tian, Y., Zhu, Y., Xi, J., Cui, M., Wang, X., Zhang, B.-Z., Fan, L., & Li, Q. (2024). Vaccination-Route-Dependent Adjuvanticity of Antigen-Carrying Nanoparticles for Enhanced Vaccine Efficacy. Vaccines, 12(2), 125. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines12020125

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