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Volume 11
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Article

SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice

by
Ekaterina A. Volosnikova
,
Iuliia A. Merkuleva
*,
Tatiana I. Esina
,
Dmitry N. Shcherbakov
,
Mariya B. Borgoyakova
,
Anastasiya A. Isaeva
,
Valentina S. Nesmeyanova
,
Natalia V. Volkova
,
Svetlana V. Belenkaya
,
Anna V. Zaykovskaya
,
Oleg V. Pyankov
,
Ekaterina V. Starostina
,
Alexey M. Zadorozhny
,
Boris N. Zaitsev
,
Larisa I. Karpenko
,
Alexander A. Ilyichev
and
Elena D. Danilenko
State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Vaccines 2023, 11(4), 808; https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040808
Submission received: 5 March 2023 / Revised: 31 March 2023 / Accepted: 4 April 2023 / Published: 6 April 2023
(This article belongs to the Section Vaccine Design, Development, and Delivery)
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Abstract

Despite the rapid development and approval of several COVID vaccines based on the full-length spike protein, there is a need for safe, potent, and high-volume vaccines. Considering the predominance of the production of neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S-protein after natural infection or vaccination, it makes sense to choose RBD as a vaccine immunogen. However, due to its small size, RBD exhibits relatively poor immunogenicity. Searching for novel adjuvants for RBD-based vaccine formulations is considered a good strategy for enhancing its immunogenicity. Herein, we assess the immunogenicity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 RBD conjugated to a polyglucin:spermidine complex (PGS) and dsRNA (RBD-PGS + dsRNA) in a mouse model. BALB/c mice were immunized intramuscularly twice, with a 2-week interval, with 50 µg of RBD, RBD with Al(OH)3, or conjugated RBD. A comparative analysis of serum RBD-specific IgG and neutralizing antibody titers showed that PGS, PGS + dsRNA, and Al(OH)3 enhanced the specific humoral response in animals. There was no significant difference between the groups immunized with RBD-PGS + dsRNA and RBD with Al(OH)3. Additionally, the study of the T-cell response in animals showed that, unlike adjuvants, the RBD-PGS + dsRNA conjugate stimulates the production of specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in animals.
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; receptor-binding domain; RBD; adjuvant SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; receptor-binding domain; RBD; adjuvant

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MDPI and ACS Style

Volosnikova, E.A.; Merkuleva, I.A.; Esina, T.I.; Shcherbakov, D.N.; Borgoyakova, M.B.; Isaeva, A.A.; Nesmeyanova, V.S.; Volkova, N.V.; Belenkaya, S.V.; Zaykovskaya, A.V.; et al. SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice. Vaccines 2023, 11, 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040808

AMA Style

Volosnikova EA, Merkuleva IA, Esina TI, Shcherbakov DN, Borgoyakova MB, Isaeva AA, Nesmeyanova VS, Volkova NV, Belenkaya SV, Zaykovskaya AV, et al. SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice. Vaccines. 2023; 11(4):808. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040808

Chicago/Turabian Style

Volosnikova, Ekaterina A., Iuliia A. Merkuleva, Tatiana I. Esina, Dmitry N. Shcherbakov, Mariya B. Borgoyakova, Anastasiya A. Isaeva, Valentina S. Nesmeyanova, Natalia V. Volkova, Svetlana V. Belenkaya, Anna V. Zaykovskaya, and et al. 2023. "SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice" Vaccines 11, no. 4: 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040808

APA Style

Volosnikova, E. A., Merkuleva, I. A., Esina, T. I., Shcherbakov, D. N., Borgoyakova, M. B., Isaeva, A. A., Nesmeyanova, V. S., Volkova, N. V., Belenkaya, S. V., Zaykovskaya, A. V., Pyankov, O. V., Starostina, E. V., Zadorozhny, A. M., Zaitsev, B. N., Karpenko, L. I., Ilyichev, A. A., & Danilenko, E. D. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 RBD Conjugated to Polyglucin, Spermidine, and dsRNA Elicits a Strong Immune Response in Mice. Vaccines, 11(4), 808. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11040808

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