Screening of Ten Tomato Varieties Processing Waste for Bioactive Components and Their Related Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals and Standards
2.2. Sample Preparation
2.3. UAE of Carotenoids
2.4. Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis of Carotenoids (Lycopene, β-carotene and Lutein) by HPLC/DAD
2.5. UAE of Phenolic Compounds
2.6. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phenolic Compounds by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS
2.7. Antimicrobial Activities
2.7.1. Bacteria and Culture Conditions
2.7.2. Micro-Dilution Method
2.8. Antioxidant Activity
2.9. Statistical and Multivariate Data Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Carotenoids Content
3.1.1. Total Carotenoids Content
3.1.2. Lycopene, β-Carotene and Lutein Content
3.2. Phenolic Compounds Found in Tomato Peels
3.2.1. Total Phenolic Content
3.2.2. Individual Contents of Phenolic Compounds
3.3. Antimicrobial Activity
3.4. Antioxidant Activity
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Carotenoids Content | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
Lycopene | β-Carotene | Lutein | Total Carotenoids | |
Abellus | 1.77 ± 0.01 | 0.43 ± 0.01 | 0.26 ± 0.04 | 2.46 ± 0.07 bc |
Aphen | 0.34 ± 0.05 | 0.38 ± 0.02 | 0.32 ± 0.02 | 1.04 ± 0.09 ab |
Cristal | 1.30 ± 0.03 | 0.59 ± 0.02 | 0.60 ± 0.03 | 2.48 ± 0.07 bc |
Lady rosa | 1.21 ± 0.02 | 0.33 ± 0.01 | 0.41 ± 0.02 | 1.95 ± 0.05 abc |
Mirsini | 0.36 ± 0.03 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | 0.07 ± 0.01 | 0.60 ± 0.05 a |
Rotunde mari | 2.80 ± 0.04 | 0.23 ± 0.01 | 0.31 ± 0.02 | 3.33 ± 0.07 c |
Roșii lunguieţe | 1.38 ± 0.06 | 0.44 ± 0.01 | 0.46 ± 0.01 | 2.28 ± 0.07 bc |
Ţărănești portocalii | 1.85 ± 0.02 | 0.24 ± 0.01 | 0.58 ± 0.02 | 2.67 ± 0.04 bc |
Ţărănești roz | 3.70 ± 0.02 | 0.53 ± 0.01 | 1.09 ± 0.09 | 5.31 ± 0.12 d |
Tiny Tim | 1.51 ± 0.03 | 0.45 ± 0.00 | 0.97 ± 0.02 | 2.93 ± 0.05 c |
Mean | 1.62 ± 1.02 | 0.39 ± 0.14 | 0.51 ± 0.32 | 2.50 ± 1.29 |
Sample | Content of Individual Phenolic Compounds | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
QTG | Q3R | di-CQA | tri-CQA | NGC | NG | Total Phenolic Content | |
Abellus | 4.5 ± 0.0 | 11.9 ± 0.0 | 6.7 ± 0.1 | 5.0 ± 0.2 | 33.0 ± 0.3 | 4.6 ± 0.5 | 66 ± 1 |
Aphen | 4.9 ± 0.1 | 7.7 ± 0.1 | 7.5 ± 0.0 | 5.2 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 4.7 ± 0.7 | 37 ± 2 |
Cristal | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 10.4 ± 0.1 | 8.7 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.2 | 22.3 ± 0.7 | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 60 ± 1 |
Lady rosa | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 9.5 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.3 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 13.8 ± 0.2 | 4.7 ± 0.6 | 44 ± 1 |
Mirsini | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 51.0 ± 0.1 | 8.9 ± 0.1 | 6.6 ± 0.2 | 70.6 ± 0.6 | 12.1 ± 0.4 | 155 ± 2 |
Rotunde mari | 4.0 ± 0.1 | 6.2 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 19.4 ± 0.9 | 4.8 ± 0.2 | 50 ± 2 |
Roșii lunguieţe | n. d. | 8.7 ± 0.7 | 5.9 ± 0.1 | 5.9 ± 0.2 | 63.4 ± 0.2 | 10.6 ± 0.4 | 94 ± 2 |
Ţărănești portocalii | n. d. | 6.4 ± 0.2 | 8.4 ± 0.6 | 5.1 ± 0.1 | 87.6 ± 1.2 | 12.9 ± 0.5 | 120 ± 3 |
Ţărănești roz | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 11.4 ± 0.4 | 15.7 ± 0.2 | 8.9 ± 0.1 | 9.4 ± 0.2 | 6.7 ± 0.5 | 58 ± 2 |
Tiny Tim | 3.6 ± 0.0 | 26.9 ± 1.0 | 8.6 ± 0.1 | 5.4 ± 0.1 | 22.8 ± 0.9 | 7.8 ± 0.3 | 75 ± 2 |
Mean | 4.6 ± 0.7 | 18.1 ± 14.0 | 11.0 ± 2.7 | 6.9 ± 1.2 | 34.9 ± 28.5 | 7.6 ± 3.2 | 76 ± 2 |
Samples | G (+) | G(−) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. aureus | B. subtilis | L. monocitogenes | P. aeruginosa | E. coli | S. typhimurium | |
Abellus | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
Aphen | 5.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
Cristal | 5.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 |
Lady rosa | 5.00 | 5.00 | <10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Mirsini | 5.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | <10.00 | 10.00 | <10.00 |
Rotunde mari | 5.00 | 10.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Roşii lunguieţe | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Ţărănești portocalii | 5.00 | 5.00 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Ţărănești roz | 2.50 | 2.50 | 5.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
Tiny Tim | 5.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 | <10.00 | 10.00 | 10.00 |
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Szabo, K.; Diaconeasa, Z.; Cătoi, A.-F.; Vodnar, D.C. Screening of Ten Tomato Varieties Processing Waste for Bioactive Components and Their Related Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Antioxidants 2019, 8, 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080292
Szabo K, Diaconeasa Z, Cătoi A-F, Vodnar DC. Screening of Ten Tomato Varieties Processing Waste for Bioactive Components and Their Related Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities. Antioxidants. 2019; 8(8):292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080292
Chicago/Turabian StyleSzabo, Katalin, Zorița Diaconeasa, Adriana-Florinela Cătoi, and Dan Cristian Vodnar. 2019. "Screening of Ten Tomato Varieties Processing Waste for Bioactive Components and Their Related Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities" Antioxidants 8, no. 8: 292. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox8080292