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Antioxidants
Volume 13
Issue 9
10.3390/antiox13091146
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Article

Propylene Glycol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Immunity in Ketotic Cows through Modulating Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism

by
Jian Tan
,
Huiying Zhao
,
Liuxue Li
,
Ying Wang
,
Yucong Pan
,
Luoyun Fang
,
Yuchao Zhao
* and
Linshu Jiang
*
Beijing Key Laboratory of Dairy Cow Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Antioxidants 2024, 13(9), 1146; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091146
Submission received: 6 August 2024 / Revised: 19 September 2024 / Accepted: 20 September 2024 / Published: 23 September 2024
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Applications of Antioxidants in Livestock Health and Reproduction)
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Abstract

This study investigates the impact of propylene glycol (PRG) on ketotic cows, focusing on alleviating oxidative stress and enhancing immunity through modulating amino acid and lipid metabolism. Ketosis, a prevalent metabolic disease in dairy cows, negatively affects productivity and health. PRG, known for its gluconeogenic properties, was administered to cows with ketosis daily for three days and compared to an untreated group. Serum samples were taken to measure the biochemical parameters, and metabolomic and lipidomic analyses were performed with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results showed significant reductions in serum non-esterified fatty acids, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and C-reactive protein levels, alongside increased glucose, anti-inflammatory factor interleukin-10, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Metabolomic and lipidomic analyses revealed significant alterations, including increased levels of glucogenic amino acids like glutamate and proline, and decreased levels of ceramide species. A pathway analysis indicated that PRG affects multiple metabolic pathways, including alanine, aspartate, glutamate metabolism, and sphingolipid metabolism. These findings suggest that PRG not only mitigates oxidative stress, but also enhances immune function by restoring metabolic homeostasis. This study provides valuable insights into the biochemical mechanisms underlying PRG’s therapeutic effects, offering potential strategies for the effective management and treatment of ketosis in dairy cows.
Keywords: dairy cows; ketosis; propylene glycol; lipid metabolism dairy cows; ketosis; propylene glycol; lipid metabolism

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MDPI and ACS Style

Tan, J.; Zhao, H.; Li, L.; Wang, Y.; Pan, Y.; Fang, L.; Zhao, Y.; Jiang, L. Propylene Glycol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Immunity in Ketotic Cows through Modulating Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism. Antioxidants 2024, 13, 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091146

AMA Style

Tan J, Zhao H, Li L, Wang Y, Pan Y, Fang L, Zhao Y, Jiang L. Propylene Glycol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Immunity in Ketotic Cows through Modulating Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism. Antioxidants. 2024; 13(9):1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091146

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tan, Jian, Huiying Zhao, Liuxue Li, Ying Wang, Yucong Pan, Luoyun Fang, Yuchao Zhao, and Linshu Jiang. 2024. "Propylene Glycol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Immunity in Ketotic Cows through Modulating Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism" Antioxidants 13, no. 9: 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091146

APA Style

Tan, J., Zhao, H., Li, L., Wang, Y., Pan, Y., Fang, L., Zhao, Y., & Jiang, L. (2024). Propylene Glycol Alleviates Oxidative Stress and Enhances Immunity in Ketotic Cows through Modulating Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism. Antioxidants, 13(9), 1146. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13091146

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