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Volume 16
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10.3390/brainsci16020245
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Article

Speed-Sensitive EEG Biomarkers in a Motion Tracking Paradigm: Implications for Dynamic Visual Acuity Research

by
Zejin Li
1,
Guanghua Xu
1,2,3,4,*,
Hui Li
1,
Chenghang Du
1,
Chengcheng Han
1,
Xiaobing Guo
1,
Jiahuan Wang
1 and
Sicong Zhang
1
1
School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
2
State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
3
The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
4
State Industry-Education Integration Center for Medical Innovations, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(2), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020245
Submission received: 13 December 2025 / Revised: 18 February 2026 / Accepted: 19 February 2026 / Published: 22 February 2026
(This article belongs to the Topic The Mechanics of Movement: Biomechanics in Sports Performance)
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Abstract

Background: Dynamic visual acuity (DVA) is functionally distinct from static visual acuity (SVA), though SVA is often used clinically as a reference. Methods: To identify EEG biomarkers for DVA, we presented participants with a high-contrast checkerboard moving horizontally at speeds ranging from 4°/s to 30°/s, engaging motion-sensitive pathways while preserving spatial detail. Six EEG features—ERPs (N200 and P300), TRCA, Hjorth activity, mean curve length, and Tsallis entropy—were extracted from eight occipito-parietal channels and evaluated for speed sensitivity. Results: Hjorth activity and Tsallis entropy showed consistent monotonic trends with respect to speed. Hjorth activity exhibited the strongest univariate correlation (r = 0.88, p < 0.05). In a Lasso regression model using all speed-sensitive features, the predicted speed correlated with actual speed at r = 0.588, with TRCA-weighted features retained for their multivariate contribution. Notably, Hjorth activity peaked at PO7/PO8 (3.558 and 1.478 µV2 at 30°/s), aligning with V5/MT+ activation. Conclusion: Given its high sensitivity, neuroanatomical plausibility, and simplicity, Hjorth activity is recommended as a primary candidate for EEG-based DVA biomarker development. This study provides a foundation for objective neurophysiological evaluation of dynamic vision.
Keywords: motion; target tracking; EEG feature extraction; dynamic visual acuity; V5/MT motion; target tracking; EEG feature extraction; dynamic visual acuity; V5/MT

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MDPI and ACS Style

Li, Z.; Xu, G.; Li, H.; Du, C.; Han, C.; Guo, X.; Wang, J.; Zhang, S. Speed-Sensitive EEG Biomarkers in a Motion Tracking Paradigm: Implications for Dynamic Visual Acuity Research. Brain Sci. 2026, 16, 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020245

AMA Style

Li Z, Xu G, Li H, Du C, Han C, Guo X, Wang J, Zhang S. Speed-Sensitive EEG Biomarkers in a Motion Tracking Paradigm: Implications for Dynamic Visual Acuity Research. Brain Sciences. 2026; 16(2):245. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020245

Chicago/Turabian Style

Li, Zejin, Guanghua Xu, Hui Li, Chenghang Du, Chengcheng Han, Xiaobing Guo, Jiahuan Wang, and Sicong Zhang. 2026. "Speed-Sensitive EEG Biomarkers in a Motion Tracking Paradigm: Implications for Dynamic Visual Acuity Research" Brain Sciences 16, no. 2: 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020245

APA Style

Li, Z., Xu, G., Li, H., Du, C., Han, C., Guo, X., Wang, J., & Zhang, S. (2026). Speed-Sensitive EEG Biomarkers in a Motion Tracking Paradigm: Implications for Dynamic Visual Acuity Research. Brain Sciences, 16(2), 245. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16020245

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