Structural Performance of a New Blind-Bolted Frame Modular Beam-Column Connection under Lateral Loading
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Structural System
2.1. Modular Unit Composition
2.2. Blind-Bolted Connection between Modular Units
3. Experimental Program
3.1. Test Specimens
3.2. Testing Equipment and Procedure
4. Lateral Resistance of Modular Beam-Column Connections
4.1. General Behavior and Failure Modes
4.2. Hysteresis Curves and Discussion
5. Simplified Analysis Model for the Proposed Steel Modular Connection
5.1. Modular Beam-Column Connection Modeling
5.2. Validation of the Proposed Connection Model
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Lawson, R.M.; Ogden, R.G. “Hybrid” light steel panel and modular systems. Thin-Walled Struct. 2008, 46, 720–730. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lawson, R.M.; Ogden, R.G.; Bergin, R. Application of modular construction in high-rise buildings. ASCE J. Archit. Eng. 2012, 18, 148–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Oh, S.; Cho, B.-H.; Kim, D.-J. Development of an exportable modular building system by integrating quality function deployment and TRIZ method. J. Asian Archit. Build. Eng. 2017, 16, 535–542. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Cho, B.-H.; Kim, D.-J.; Ha, T. Systematic Approach for the Design of Modular Military Housing Units Using Six-Sigma. Scientia Iranica 2019. in publication process. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lawson, R.M.; Ogden, R.; Goodier, C. Design in Modular Construction; CRC Press: Boca Raton, FL, USA, 2014. [Google Scholar]
- Generalova, E.M.; Viktor, P.G.; Kuznetsova, A.A. Modular buildings in modern construction. Procedia Eng. 2016, 153, 167–172. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jackson, J. Chinese Builders Construct 30-Story Hotel in 15 Days. Available online: http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/01/10/chinese-builders-construct-30-story-hotel-in-15-days (accessed on 10 January 2012).
- Liu, X.; Zhang, A.; Ma, J.; Tan, Y.; Bai, Y. Design and model test of a modularized prefabricated steel frame structure with inclined braces. Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng. 2015, 2015, 291481. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.C.; Xu, A.X.; Zhang, A.L.; Ni, Z.; Wang, H.X.; Wu, L. Static and seismic experiment for welded joints in modularized prefabricated steel structure. J. Constr. Steel Res. 2015, 112, 183–195. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Liu, X.C.; Pu, S.H.; Zhang, A.L.; Xu, A.X.; Ni, Z.; Sun, Y.; Ma, L. Static and seismic experiment for bolted-welded joint in modularized prefabricated steel structure. J. Constr. Steel Res. 2015, 115, 417–433. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hong, S.-G.; Cho, B.-H.; Chung, K.-S.; Moon, J. Behavior of framed modular building system with double skin steel panels. J. Constr. Steel Res. 2011, 67, 936–946. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Deng, E.-F.; Zong, L.; Ding, Y.; Dai, X.-M.; Lou, N.; Chen, Y. Monotonic and cyclic response of bolted connections with welded cover plate for modular steel construction. Eng. Struct. 2018, 167, 407–419. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hisham, S.B.; Goel, S.C. Special truss moment flames with Vierendeel middle panel. Eng. Struct. 1995, 17, 352–358. [Google Scholar]
- Chao, S.-H.; Goel, S.C. Performance-based plastic design of special truss moment frames. AISC Eng. J. 2008, 45, 127–150. [Google Scholar]
- Ölmez, H.D.; Topkaya, C. A numerical study on special truss moment frames with Vierendeel openings. J. Constr. Steel Res. 2011, 67, 667–677. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Longo, A.; Montuori, R.; Piluso, V. Theory of plastic mechanism control of dissipative truss moment frames. Eng. Struct. 2012, 37, 63–75. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Annan, C.D.; Youssef, M.A.; el Naggar, M.H. Experimental evaluation of the seismic performance of modular steel-braced frames. Eng. Struct. 2009, 31, 1435–1446. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Klippel, S. Recent design developments with blind mechanically operated bolt systems for use with hollow section steelwork. J. Constr. Steel Res. 1998, 1, 267–268. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Barnett, T.; Tizani, W.; Nethercot, D. The practice of blind bolting connections to structural hollow sections: A review. Steel Compos. Struct. 2001, 1, 1–16. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Málaga-Chuquitaype, C.; Elghazouli, A.Y. Component-based mechanical models for blind-bolted angle connections. Eng. Struct. 2010, 32, 3048–3067. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, Z.Y.; Tizani, W.; Wang, Q.Y. Strength and initial stiffness of a blind-bolt connection based on the T-stub model. Eng. Struct. 2010, 32, 2505–2517. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- ASTM Standard A370-12a. Standard Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing of Steel Products; Annual Book ASTM Standards: West Conshohocken, PA, USA, 2012. [Google Scholar]
- Fielding, D.J.; Huang, J.S. Shear in steel beam-to-column connections. Weld. J. 1971, 50, 313–326. [Google Scholar]
- Rahiminia, F.; Namba, H. Joint panel in steel moment connections, Part 1: Experimental tests results. J. Constr. Steel Res. 2013, 89, 272–283. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- MIDAS/Gen. MIDAS/Gen Ver.8.7 Analysis and Design Manual; MIDAS Information Technology, Co., Ltd.: Seongnam, Republic of Korea, 2018. [Google Scholar]
- American Institute of Steel Construction. Manual of Steel Construction, Load and Resistance Factor Design, 14th ed.; AISC: Chicago, IL, USA, 2010. [Google Scholar]
Specimen | IC_OB_F | IC_OB_B | |
---|---|---|---|
Frame members | Column | HSS200×100×6 | |
Floor beam | C250×100×4 | ||
Ceiling beam | C150×100×4 | ||
Knee brace | L50×50×4 | N/A | |
Connection components | Connection plate | PL-12 | |
Front-side connection bolts | 10 F13T M20 blind bolts + 8 F10T M20 H/T bolts | ||
Detail of module to module connection | | |
Structural Member | Steel Type | Thickness (mm) | Yield Strength (MPa) | Ultimate Strength (MPa) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bracing | SS400 | 4 | 334.1 | 466.4 |
Ceiling beam | SM490 | 4 | 395.1 | 518.7 |
Floor beam | 4 | 459.4 | 579.7 | |
Column | 6 | 372.6 | 549.0 |
Diameter of Bolt Hole (mm) | Diameter of Core Pin (mm) | Ultimate Strength of Core Pin (MPa) | Ultimate Strength of Grip Sleeve (MPa) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
M20 | 21.0~22.0 | 16.8 | 1300 | 960 |
Specimen | Loading Direction | Member | At Occurrence of First Yielding | At Peak Load | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Drift Ratio | Displacement Value (mm) | Load Value (kN) | Stiffness (kN/m) | Drift Ratio | Displacement Value (mm) | Load Value (kN) | |||
IC_OB_F | Positive | Ceiling beam | 2.16% | 66.0 | 32.92 | 499.0 | 5.17% | 156.3 | 48.27 |
Negative | Ceiling beam | −2.71% | −82.8 | −44.01 | 531.8 | −4.88% | −149.0 | −52.34 | |
IC_OB_B | Positive | Ceiling/Floor beams | 1.02% | 31.2 | 33.47 | 1073.8 | 6.97% | 212.6 | 82.30 |
Negative | Ceiling beam | −1.05% | −31.9 | −35.35 | 1106.8 | -6.88% | -210.0 | -83.78 |
Member | Mp (kN·m) | Mn (kN·m) | Width-thickness Ratio | λp | λr | Slenderness | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
MC (HSS200×100×6) | 50.7 | 38.1 | Flange | 31.3 | 25.9 | 32.4 | Non-compact |
Web | 14.7 | 56.1 | 132.1 | Compact | |||
MG_B (C250×100×4) | 72.1 | 38.8 | Flange | 25.0 | 7.9 | 20.9 | Slender |
Web | 60.5 | 78.5 | 128.2 | Compact | |||
MG_T (C150×100×4) | 31.0 | 20.1 | Flange | 25.0 | 8.5 | 22.5 | Slender |
Web | 35.5 | 84.6 | 128.2 | Compact |
Member | Pp (kN) | Pn (kN) | KL/r | Width-thickness Ratio | λp | λr | Slenderness |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knee brace (L50×50×4) | 128.3 | 111.6 | 36.4 | 12.5 | 11.0 | 22.3 | Slender |
© 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Cho, B.-H.; Lee, J.-S.; Kim, H.; Kim, D.-J. Structural Performance of a New Blind-Bolted Frame Modular Beam-Column Connection under Lateral Loading. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091929
Cho B-H, Lee J-S, Kim H, Kim D-J. Structural Performance of a New Blind-Bolted Frame Modular Beam-Column Connection under Lateral Loading. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(9):1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091929
Chicago/Turabian StyleCho, Bong-Ho, Jae-Sub Lee, Hongjin Kim, and Dae-Jin Kim. 2019. "Structural Performance of a New Blind-Bolted Frame Modular Beam-Column Connection under Lateral Loading" Applied Sciences 9, no. 9: 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091929
APA StyleCho, B.-H., Lee, J.-S., Kim, H., & Kim, D.-J. (2019). Structural Performance of a New Blind-Bolted Frame Modular Beam-Column Connection under Lateral Loading. Applied Sciences, 9(9), 1929. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091929