Research on Robust Day-Ahead Dispatch Considering Primary Frequency Response of Wind Turbine
Abstract
:Featured Application
Abstract
1. Introduction
- The converter decouples the turbine’s rotor from the system frequency, which indicates that the mechanical power of the wind turbines and the electromagnetic power of the system are decoupled; in this way, the fan will not be able to provide an inertial response. Moreover, as the wind turbines usually run in a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) mode, the primary frequency reserve could not be retained;
- With a large-scale wind integrated power system taking the place of some conventional synchronous generator units with the frequency regulation capability, the inertia of the wind turbine will be 0 with no reserve in the case of frequency fluctuations due to power loss and other reasons, which will harm the inertial response ability and primary frequency reserve capacity.
2. Frequency Analysis of Wind Integrated Power System
3. Optimization Model Considering Primary Frequency Response
3.1. Primary Frequency Response
3.2. Two-Stage Robust Optimization Model
3.3. Solution
- Define the starting key subset Ωm = {};
- Master problem: solve the above model to obtain the dispatch strategy Xm and the adjustment cost βM for Stage 2;
- Sub-problem: based on Xm, calculate the goals for each and every scenario in Ω\Ωm;
- If , Ωm = {Ωm, }, then we go back to 2; otherwise, we get the dispatch strategy for the master problem, and the iteration ends.
4. Results
4.1. Cost Analysis
4.2. Wind Power Primary Reserve
5. Discussion
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
- 1.
- The speed and amplitude of the primary frequency regulation are in line with certain specifications. For the thermal power units, the parameters are as follows:
- The dead band of the thermal power unit is controlled within ±0.033 Hz;
- The maximum load limit of the thermal power unit should not be less than 6% of the rated capacity of the unit;
- Response includes:
- 2.
- VSG-based independent active frequency control:
- the PFR time should be less than 3 s; and the time to reach 75% of the target load should be no more than 15 s. A complete response according to the crew response target should be done within 30 s;
- During the drop of the system frequency, the VSG should increase the active output. It should not be lower than the active output before the primary frequency regulation, and the maximum increase can be at least 10% of PN;
- During the rise of the system frequency, the VSG should cut the active output. It should not be higher than that from before the primary frequency regulation. The maximum reduction of the active output should be at least 10% of PN.
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Key Subset Ωm | Cost/$ | ||
---|---|---|---|
Without Primary Reserve | PFR not Involving the Wind Power | PFR Involving the Wind Power | |
{6;49} | 5,375,256 | 5,508,326 | 5,508,085 |
Cost Coefficient/($/MW) | Cost/$ | Primary Reserve Capacity of Wind Power Units/MW | Cost Coefficient/($/MW) | Cost/$ | Primary Reserve Capacity of Wind Power Units/MW |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 5,513,209 | 10.9061 | 200 | 5,513,664 | 9.6847 |
100 | 5,513,436 | 10.5484 | 300 | 5,513,891 | 8.2178 |
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Sun, R.; Chen, B.; Lv, Z.; Mei, J.; Zang, H.; Wei, Z.; Sun, G. Research on Robust Day-Ahead Dispatch Considering Primary Frequency Response of Wind Turbine. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091784
Sun R, Chen B, Lv Z, Mei J, Zang H, Wei Z, Sun G. Research on Robust Day-Ahead Dispatch Considering Primary Frequency Response of Wind Turbine. Applied Sciences. 2019; 9(9):1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091784
Chicago/Turabian StyleSun, Rong, Bing Chen, Zhenhua Lv, Jianchun Mei, Haixiang Zang, Zhinong Wei, and Guoqiang Sun. 2019. "Research on Robust Day-Ahead Dispatch Considering Primary Frequency Response of Wind Turbine" Applied Sciences 9, no. 9: 1784. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091784