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Volume 16
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Article

Improvements in Surface Integrity and Rotating Bending Fatigue Strength of CuZn39Pb3 Brass via a Conventional Diamond-Burnishing Process

by
Mariana Ichkova
1,2,*,
Kalin Anastasov
2,3,
Petya Peneva
1,2,
Marieta Ivanova
1,2,
Tihomir Atanasov
1,2 and
Petya Daskalova
2,4
1
Department of Material Science and Mechanics of Materials, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria
2
Center of Competence “Smart Mechatronic, Eco-and Energy-Saving Systems and Technologies”, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria
3
Department of Mechanical Engineering Equipment and Technologies, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria
4
Department of Industrial Design and Textile Engineering, Technical University of Gabrovo, 5300 Gabrovo, Bulgaria
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(11), 5557; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115557
Submission received: 28 April 2026 / Revised: 28 May 2026 / Accepted: 30 May 2026 / Published: 2 June 2026
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Diamond Burnishing to Improve the Performance of Materials)
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Abstract

CuZn39Pb3 leaded brass is one of the most widely used alloys in machining. Despite its good machinability, there is a lack of information in the literature on the effects of surface cold working on the surface microhardness, microhardness profile, introduced residual stresses, microstructure, and the operating behaviour of machined components. This article reveals the capabilities of conventional diamond burnishing (DB) (implemented under flood-lubrication conditions) to improve the surface integrity and high- and mega-cycle fatigue strength of CuZn39Pb3 cylindrical components such as axles and shafts. The results show that both the smoothing and hardening DB processes achieve mirror-like surfaces, introduce significant residual compressive stresses at depths greater than 0.5 mm, and significantly increase the fatigue strength in the high- and mega-cycle regions compared to the reference condition (turned and polished specimens). However, the surface microhardness is weakly affected by the degree of surface cold working. Given the almost identical microhardness profiles and the equivalent distribution in depth of the introduced residual stresses by the two DB processes, the possible reason for the more pronounced effect of the hardening process on the fatigue strength lies in the thicker affected layer and the reduced negative skewness introduced by this process.
Keywords: CuZn39Pb3 brass; diamond burnishing; surface integrity; microstructures; fatigue behaviour CuZn39Pb3 brass; diamond burnishing; surface integrity; microstructures; fatigue behaviour

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MDPI and ACS Style

Ichkova, M.; Anastasov, K.; Peneva, P.; Ivanova, M.; Atanasov, T.; Daskalova, P. Improvements in Surface Integrity and Rotating Bending Fatigue Strength of CuZn39Pb3 Brass via a Conventional Diamond-Burnishing Process. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 5557. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115557

AMA Style

Ichkova M, Anastasov K, Peneva P, Ivanova M, Atanasov T, Daskalova P. Improvements in Surface Integrity and Rotating Bending Fatigue Strength of CuZn39Pb3 Brass via a Conventional Diamond-Burnishing Process. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(11):5557. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115557

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ichkova, Mariana, Kalin Anastasov, Petya Peneva, Marieta Ivanova, Tihomir Atanasov, and Petya Daskalova. 2026. "Improvements in Surface Integrity and Rotating Bending Fatigue Strength of CuZn39Pb3 Brass via a Conventional Diamond-Burnishing Process" Applied Sciences 16, no. 11: 5557. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115557

APA Style

Ichkova, M., Anastasov, K., Peneva, P., Ivanova, M., Atanasov, T., & Daskalova, P. (2026). Improvements in Surface Integrity and Rotating Bending Fatigue Strength of CuZn39Pb3 Brass via a Conventional Diamond-Burnishing Process. Applied Sciences, 16(11), 5557. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16115557

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