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Article

Relative Dynamics and Force/Position Hybrid Control of Mobile Dual-Arm Robots

1
Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Mine Electromechanical Equipment Intelligent Detection and Control, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an 710054, China
2
Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Electronic Equipment Structure Design, Xidian University, Xi’an 710000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(1), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010444
Submission received: 13 October 2025 / Revised: 29 December 2025 / Accepted: 29 December 2025 / Published: 31 December 2025

Abstract

Equipped with one degree of freedom in one-dimensional translation of the base, a mobile dual-arm robot (MDAR) is proposed in this paper, and the two arms and the base move simultaneously. As a result, the motion of the base has a significant influence on the motion of both end-effectors at the same time, and the relative positions of the two end-effectors change all the time. Therefore, this paper focuses on the main issues related to the presented MDAR in two key areas: the relative dynamics and relative force/position hybrid control. First, based on the D-H parametric method, the relative kinematics of the proposed MDAR is established, and the relative Jacobian matrix of the robot is derived. Secondly, the dynamic model of the proposed MDAR is constructed using the Lagrangian method. Furthermore, a closed-loop control strategy for relative force/position hybrid control of the MDAR based on the relative dynamics is proposed to enable the two end-effectors of the MDAR to track the planned trajectory accurately. Finally, a simulation is carried out on a dual-arm cutting robot (DACR) for a coal mine to prove the effectiveness of the proposed relative dynamics and the proposed relative force/position hybrid control law in terms of the absolute error (AE) and root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that the proposed relative dynamic model and relative force/position hybrid control can significantly reduce error of the DACR, effectively improve the adaptability and operation accuracy of the system to complex environment, and verify the feasibility and superiority of the method in practical application.
Keywords: mobile dual-arm robot; relative kinematics; relative dynamics; relative force/position hybrid control mobile dual-arm robot; relative kinematics; relative dynamics; relative force/position hybrid control

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Liu, P.; Hu, W.; Wang, L.; Duan, X.; Cao, X.; Nie, Z.; Zhou, H.; Zhu, Y. Relative Dynamics and Force/Position Hybrid Control of Mobile Dual-Arm Robots. Appl. Sci. 2026, 16, 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010444

AMA Style

Liu P, Hu W, Wang L, Duan X, Cao X, Nie Z, Zhou H, Zhu Y. Relative Dynamics and Force/Position Hybrid Control of Mobile Dual-Arm Robots. Applied Sciences. 2026; 16(1):444. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010444

Chicago/Turabian Style

Liu, Peng, Weiliang Hu, Linpeng Wang, Xuechao Duan, Xiangang Cao, Zhen Nie, Haochen Zhou, and Yan Zhu. 2026. "Relative Dynamics and Force/Position Hybrid Control of Mobile Dual-Arm Robots" Applied Sciences 16, no. 1: 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010444

APA Style

Liu, P., Hu, W., Wang, L., Duan, X., Cao, X., Nie, Z., Zhou, H., & Zhu, Y. (2026). Relative Dynamics and Force/Position Hybrid Control of Mobile Dual-Arm Robots. Applied Sciences, 16(1), 444. https://doi.org/10.3390/app16010444

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