Precision of Photogrammetry and Intraoral Scanning in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An In Vitro Comparative Study
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Papaspyridakos, P.; Chen, C.-J.; Gallucci, G.O.; Doukoudakis, A.; Weber, H.-P.; Chronopoulos, V. Accuracy of Implant Impressions for Partially and Completely Edentulous Patients: A Systematic Review. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 2014, 29, 836–845. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jemt, T.; Lie, A. Accuracy of Implant-Supported Prostheses in the Edentulous Jaw: Analysis of Precision of Fit between Cast Gold-Alloy Frameworks and Master Casts by Means of a Three-Dimensional Photogrammetric Technique. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 1995, 6, 172–180. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sahin, S.; Cehreli, M.C. The Significance of Passive Framework Fit in Implant Prosthodontics: Current Status. Implant. Dent. 2001, 10, 85–92. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wennerberg, A.; Albrektsson, T. Current Challenges in Successful Rehabilitation with Oral Implants. J. Oral Rehabil. 2011, 38, 286–294. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Aglietta, M.; Siciliano, V.I.; Zwahlen, M.; Brägger, U.; Pjetursson, B.E.; Lang, N.P.; Salvi, G.E. A Systematic Review of the Survival and Complication Rates of Implant Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses with Cantilever Extensions after an Observation Period of at Least 5 Years. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2009, 20, 441–451. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kan, J.Y.; Rungcharassaeng, K.; Bohsali, K.; Goodacre, C.J.; Lang, B.R. Clinical Methods for Evaluating Implant Framework Fit. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1999, 81, 7–13. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rutkūnas, V.; Gečiauskaitė, A.; Jegelevičius, D.; Vaitiekūnas, M. Accuracy of Digital Implant Impressions with Intraoral Scanners. A Systematic Review. Eur. J. Oral Implantol. 2017, 10 (Suppl. S1), 101–120. [Google Scholar]
- Knechtle, N.; Wiedemeier, D.; Mehl, A.; Ender, A. Accuracy of Digital Complete-Arch, Multi-Implant Scans Made in the Edentulous Jaw with Gingival Movement Simulation: An in Vitro Study. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2022, 128, 468–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wulfman, C.; Naveau, A.; Rignon-Bret, C. Digital Scanning for Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Restorations: A Systematic Review. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2020, 124, 161–167. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Huang, R.; Liu, Y.; Huang, B.; Zhang, C.; Chen, Z.; Li, Z. Improved Scanning Accuracy with Newly Designed Scan Bodies: An in Vitro Study Comparing Digital versus Conventional Impression Techniques for Complete-arch Implant Rehabilitation. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2020, 31, 625–633. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kim, Y.; Oh, T.-J.; Misch, C.E.; Wang, H.-L. Occlusal Considerations in Implant Therapy: Clinical Guidelines with Biomechanical Rationale. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2005, 16, 26–35. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Di Fiore, A.; Meneghello, R.; Graiff, L.; Savio, G.; Vigolo, P.; Monaco, C.; Stellini, E. Full Arch Digital Scanning Systems Performances for Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Comparative Study of 8 Intraoral Scanners. J. Prosthodont. Res. 2019, 63, 396–403. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Michelinakis, G.; Apostolakis, D.; Kamposiora, P.; Papavasiliou, G.; Özcan, M. The Direct Digital Workflow in Fixed Implant Prosthodontics: A Narrative Review. BMC Oral Health 2021, 21, 37. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Revell, G.; Simon, B.; Mennito, A.; Evans, Z.P.; Renne, W.; Ludlow, M.; Vág, J. Evaluation of Complete-Arch Implant Scanning with 5 Different Intraoral Scanners in Terms of Trueness and Operator Experience. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2022, 128, 632–638. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ahlholm, P.; Sipilä, K.; Vallittu, P.; Jakonen, M.; Kotiranta, U. Digital Versus Conventional Impressions in Fixed Prosthodontics: A Review. J. Prosthodont. 2018, 27, 35–41. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Mizumoto, R.M.; Yilmaz, B. Intraoral Scan Bodies in Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2018, 120, 343–352. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Alikhasi, M.; Siadat, H.; Nasirpour, A.; Hasanzade, M. Three-Dimensional Accuracy of Digital Impression versus Conventional Method: Effect of Implant Angulation and Connection Type. Int. J. Dent. 2018, 2018, 3761750. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Papaspyridakos, P.; Gallucci, G.O.; Chen, C.-J.; Hanssen, S.; Naert, I.; Vandenberghe, B. Digital versus Conventional Implant Impressions for Edentulous Patients: Accuracy Outcomes. Clin. Oral Implants Res. 2016, 27, 465–472. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Çakmak, G.; Yilmaz, H.; Treviño, A.; Kökat, A.M.; Yilmaz, B. The Effect of Scanner Type and Scan Body Position on the Accuracy of Complete-arch Digital Implant Scans. Clin. Implant. Dent. Relat. Res. 2020, 22, 533–541. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Gavounelis, N.A.; Gogola, C.-M.C.; Halazonetis, D.J. The Effect of Scanning Strategy on Intraoral Scanner’s Accuracy. Dent. J. 2022, 10, 123. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zhang, Y.-J.; Qian, S.-J.; Lai, H.-C.; Shi, J.-Y. Accuracy of Photogrammetric Imaging versus Conventional Impressions for Complete-Arch Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prostheses: A Comparative Clinical Study. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2021. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Ma, B.; Yue, X.; Sun, Y.; Peng, L.; Geng, W. Accuracy of Photogrammetry, Intraoral Scanning, and Conventional Impression Techniques for Complete-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An in Vitro Comparative Study. BMC Oral Health 2021, 21, 636. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tohme, H.; Lawand, G.; Chmielewska, M.; Makhzoume, J. Comparison between Stereophotogrammetric, Digital, and Conventional Impression Techniques in Implant-Supported Fixed Complete Arch Prostheses: An in Vitro Study. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2023, 129, 354–362. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Yan, Y.; Lin, X.; Yue, X.; Geng, W. Accuracy of 2 Direct Digital Scanning Techniques—Intraoral Scanning and Stereophotogrammetry—For Complete Arch Implant-Supported Fixed Prostheses: A Prospective Study. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2023, 130, 564–572. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pozzi, A.; Agliardi, E.; Lio, F.; Nagy, K.; Nardi, A.; Arcuri, L. Accuracy of Intraoral Optical Scan versus Stereophotogrammetry for Complete-Arch Digital Implant Impression: An in Vitro Study. J. Prosthodont. Res. 2023, 68, JPR_D_22_00251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Fasbinder, D.J. Digital Dentistry: Innovation for Restorative Treatment. Compend. Contin. Educ. Dent. 2010, 31, 2–11; quiz 12. [Google Scholar]
- Caramês, J. A Comprehensive Classification to Full Arch Implant Rehabilitation. Rev. Port. Estomatol. Med. Dentária E Cir. Maxilofac. 2019, 60, 175–188. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Jivănescu, A.; Bara, A.; Faur, A.-B.; Rotar, R.N. Is There a Significant Difference in Accuracy of Four Intraoral Scanners for Short-Span Fixed Dental Prosthesis? A Comparative In Vitro Study. Appl. Sci. 2021, 11, 8280. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sampaio-Fernandes, M.A.; Pinto, R.; Almeida, P.R.; Sampaio-Fernandes, M.M.; Marques, D.; Figueiral, M.H. Accuracy of Extraoral Digital Impressions with Multi-Unit Implants. Appl. Sci. 2023, 13, 8769. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Kanjanasavitree, P.; Thammajaruk, P.; Guazzato, M. Comparison of Different Artificial Landmarks and Scanning Patterns on the Complete-Arch Implant Intraoral Digital Scans. J. Dent. 2022, 125, 104266. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Amornvit, P.; Rokaya, D.; Peampring, C.; Sanohkan, S. Confocal 3D Optical Intraoral Scanners and Comparison of Image Capturing Accuracy. Comput. Mater. Contin. 2020, 66, 303–314. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Imburgia, M.; Kois, J.; Marino, E.; Lerner, H.; Mangano, F.G. Continuous Scan Strategy (CSS): A Novel Technique to Improve the Accuracy of Intraoral Digital Impressions. Eur. J. Prosthodont. Restor. Dent. 2020, 28, 128–141. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Sicilia, E.; Lagreca, G.; Papaspyridakos, P.; Finkelman, M.; Cobo, J.; Att, W.; Revilla-León, M. Effect of Supramucosal Height of a Scan Body and Implant Angulation on the Accuracy of Intraoral Scanning: An in Vitro Study. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2024, 131, 1126–1134. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Lyu, M.; Di, P.; Lin, Y.; Jiang, X. Accuracy of Impressions for Multiple Implants: A Comparative Study of Digital and Conventional Techniques. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2022, 128, 1017–1023. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sanda, M.; Miyoshi, K.; Baba, K. Trueness and Precision of Digital Implant Impressions by Intraoral Scanners: A Literature Review. Int. J. Implant. Dent. 2021, 7, 97. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Ender, A.; Mehl, A. Accuracy of Complete-Arch Dental Impressions: A New Method of Measuring Trueness and Precision. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2013, 109, 121–128. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Flügge, T.V.; Schlager, S.; Nelson, K.; Nahles, S.; Metzger, M.C. Precision of Intraoral Digital Dental Impressions with ITero and Extraoral Digitization with the ITero and a Model Scanner. Am. J. Orthod. Dentofacial Orthop. 2013, 144, 471–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Revilla-León, M.; Att, W.; Özcan, M.; Rubenstein, J. Comparison of Conventional, Photogrammetry, and Intraoral Scanning Accuracy of Complete-Arch Implant Impression Procedures Evaluated with a Coordinate Measuring Machine. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2021, 125, 470–478. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Arcuri, L.; Pozzi, A.; Lio, F.; Rompen, E.; Zechner, W.; Nardi, A. Influence of Implant Scanbody Material, Position and Operator on the Accuracy of Digital Impression for Complete-Arch: A Randomized in Vitro Trial. J. Prosthodont. Res. 2020, 64, 128–136. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sampaio-Fernandes, M.A.F.; Pinto, R.; Sampaio-Fernandes, M.M.; Carlos, J.; Marques, D.; Figueiral, M.H. Accuracy of Silicone Impressions and Stone Models Using Two Laboratory Scanners: A 3D Evaluation. Int. J. Prosthodont. 2024, 37, e10–e24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Taylor, T.D. Prosthodontic Problems and Limitations Associated with Osseointegration. J. Prosthet. Dent. 1998, 79, 74–78. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kallus, T.; Bessing, C. Loose Gold Screws Frequently Occur in Full-Arch Fixed Prostheses Supported by Osseointegrated Implants after 5 Years. Int. J. Oral Maxillofac. Implants 1994, 9, 169–178. [Google Scholar] [PubMed]
- Chochlidakis, K.; Papaspyridakos, P.; Tsigarida, A.; Romeo, D.; Chen, Y.; Natto, Z.; Ercoli, C. Digital Versus Conventional Full-Arch Implant Impressions: A Prospective Study on 16 Edentulous Maxillae. J. Prosthodont. 2020, 29, 281–286. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Bohner, L.; Gamba, D.D.; Hanisch, M.; Marcio, B.S.; Tortamano Neto, P.; Laganá, D.C.; Sesma, N. Accuracy of Digital Technologies for the Scanning of Facial, Skeletal, and Intraoral Tissues: A Systematic Review. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2019, 121, 246–251. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lim, J.-H.; Park, J.-M.; Kim, M.; Heo, S.-J.; Myung, J.-Y. Comparison of Digital Intraoral Scanner Reproducibility and Image Trueness Considering Repetitive Experience. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2018, 119, 225–232. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Hussein, M.O. Photogrammetry Technology in Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Review. J. Prosthet. Dent. 2023, 130, 318–326. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Zotti, F.; Rosolin, L.; Bersani, M.; Poscolere, A.; Pappalardo, D.; Zerman, N. Digital Dental Models: Is Photogrammetry an Alternative to Dental Extraoral and Intraoral Scanners? Dent J. 2022, 10, 24. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Pascadopoli, M.; Zampetti, P.; Nardi, M.G.; Pellegrini, M.; Scribante, A. Smartphone Applications in Dentistry: A Scoping Review. Dent J. 2023, 11, 243. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Wang, C.; Yang, J.; Liu, H.; Yu, P.; Jiang, X.; Liu, R. Co-Mask R-CNN: Collaborative Learning-Based Method for Tooth Instance Segmentation. J. Clin. Pediatr. Dent. 2024, 48, 161. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Scanner | Number and Position of Implants | Group |
---|---|---|
Scanner IO 3Shape Trios 3 | 6 (CCI A) | Tr6_A |
4 (CCI B) | Tr4_B | |
4 (CCI C) | Tr4_C | |
Scanner IO Medit i500 | 6 (CCI A) | Md6_A |
4 (CCI B) | Md4_B | |
4 (CCI C) | Md4_C | |
Photogrammetry PIC Dental | 6 (CCI A) | Pi6_A |
4 (CCI B) | Pi4_B | |
4 (CCI C) | Pi4_C |
Scanner | Number and Position of Implants | Group | RMS ± 95% CI (µm) | Min; Max | n | p | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IO 3Shape Trios 3 | 6 (CCI A) | Tr6_A | 12.66 [11.12; 14.20] | 5.80; 30.90 | 45 | * | <0.001 |
4 (CCI B) | Tr4_B | 16.96 [13.59; 20.33] | 6.10; 45.60 | 45 | * | ||
4 (CCI C) | Tr4_C | 5.96 [5.52; 6.41] | 3.80; 10.10 | 45 | |||
IO Medit i500 | 6 (CCI A) | Md6_A | 11.36 [10.61; 12.10] | 7.00; 17.00 | 45 | <0.001 | |
4 (CCI B) | Md4_B | 16.69 [15.04; 18.33] | 7.90; 37.10 | 45 | |||
4 (CCI C) | Md4_C | 7.36 [6.73; 7.98] | 2.80; 12.80 | 45 | |||
Photogrammetry PIC Dental | 6 (CCI A) | Pi6_A | 11.28 [9.80; 12.76] | 3.30; 22.60 | 45 | 0.075 | |
4 (CCI B) | Pi4_B | 14.44 [12.24; 16.63] | 1.90; 27.20 | 45 | - | ||
4 (CCI C) | Pi4_C | 11.54 [9.65; 13.43] | 2.20; 26.60 | 45 | - |
Number and Position of Implants | RMS ± 95% CI (µm) | Min; Max (µm) | n | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
6 (CCI A) | 11.77 [11.02; 12.51] | 3.30; 30.90 | 135 | <0.001 |
4 (CCI B) | 16.03 [14.61; 17.45] | 1.90; 45.60 | 135 | |
4 (CCI C) | 8.29 [7.51; 9.06] | 2.20; 26.60 | 135 |
Device | RMS ± 95% CI (µm) | Min; Max (µm) | n | p |
---|---|---|---|---|
IO 3Shape Trios 3 | 11.86 [10.42; 13.30] | 3.80; 45.60 | 135 | 0.097 |
IO Medit i500 | 11.80 [10.90; 12.70] | 2.80; 37.10 | 135 | |
Photogrammetry PIC Dental | 12.42 [11.33; 13.50] | 1.90; 27.20 | 135 |
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content. |
© 2025 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Faria, J.C.; Sampaio-Fernandes, M.A.; Oliveira, S.J.; Malheiro, R.; Sampaio-Fernandes, J.C.; Figueiral, M.H. Precision of Photogrammetry and Intraoral Scanning in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An In Vitro Comparative Study. Appl. Sci. 2025, 15, 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031388
Faria JC, Sampaio-Fernandes MA, Oliveira SJ, Malheiro R, Sampaio-Fernandes JC, Figueiral MH. Precision of Photogrammetry and Intraoral Scanning in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An In Vitro Comparative Study. Applied Sciences. 2025; 15(3):1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031388
Chicago/Turabian StyleFaria, João Carlos, Manuel António Sampaio-Fernandes, Susana João Oliveira, Rodrigo Malheiro, João Carlos Sampaio-Fernandes, and Maria Helena Figueiral. 2025. "Precision of Photogrammetry and Intraoral Scanning in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An In Vitro Comparative Study" Applied Sciences 15, no. 3: 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031388
APA StyleFaria, J. C., Sampaio-Fernandes, M. A., Oliveira, S. J., Malheiro, R., Sampaio-Fernandes, J. C., & Figueiral, M. H. (2025). Precision of Photogrammetry and Intraoral Scanning in Full-Arch Implant Rehabilitation: An In Vitro Comparative Study. Applied Sciences, 15(3), 1388. https://doi.org/10.3390/app15031388